Chemistry 141 Friday, October Lecture 19

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Presentation transcript:

Chemistry 141 Friday, October 20 2017 Lecture 19 Chemistry 11 - Lecture 11 9/30/2009 Chemistry 141 Friday, October 20 2017 Lecture 19 Enthalpy and Calorimetry

Why do we care about energy? One factor that indicates whether a reaction is likely to happen Tells us about the stability of substances/states of material Tells us whether a reaction can be useful as a source of work or heat (energy)

Heat Exchange Endothermic Exothermic Thermite reaction: Fe2O3 + 2 Al → 2 Fe + Al2O3

E, q, w, and Their Signs

State Functions The final state does not depend on the path to get there.

Example A balloon is cooled by removing 0.655 kJ of heat. It shrinks on cooling, and the atmosphere does 382 J of work on the balloon. What is the change in internal energy? Is the process endothermic or exothermic?

Work

How much work, in Joules, is done when a container expands 2 How much work, in Joules, is done when a container expands 2.55 L against an external pressure of 1.50 atm? 101.3 J = 1 L atm Include units in your answer.

Heat capacity defined Heat capacity is the ability of a substance to absorb heat Heat capacity (C) – heat required to change the temperature of a substance or system by 1 ˚C (units: J/˚C or J/K) Molar heat capacity – heat required to change the temperature of 1 mole of a substance by 1 ˚C (units: J/(mol•K)) Specific heat (Cs)– heat required to change the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 ˚C (units: J/(g•K))

Example 1 calorie is the heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water from 14.5 to 15.5 ˚C. What is the heat capacity of 34.6 ml of water in J/˚C? How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 34.6 ml of water from 25.0 ˚C to 85.0 ˚C?

Calorimetry