LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Source: National Geographic: Available Online. Retrieved at: http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0603/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD MIGRATION Migration: The act of moving from one place to another with the intent to live in another place permanently or for a longer period of time. Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Forced vs. Voluntary Migration LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Forced vs. Voluntary Migration Forced migration: When people have no choice and are forced to move. Forced migration is also called “involuntary migration.” Voluntary migration: When people choose to move. People choose to migrate if they think the benefits (advantages) of moving will be greater than the costs (disadvantages). Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Immigration vs. Emigration LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Immigration vs. Emigration Immigration: Migration to a place in order to settle there Emigration: Migration from a place to settle in another place Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Push vs. Pull Factors Push factors: Negative reasons for wanting to leave a place (emigrate). Examples of push factors are a lack of food or water, natural disasters, a lack of jobs, and wars. Pull factors: Positive reasons for wanting to move to a place (immigrate). Examples of pull factors are more food and water, a better climate, higher wages, and freedom. Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Reasons for Migration: Environmental and Political LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Reasons for Migration: Environmental and Political Environmental Examples: Floods, water supply, climate, food supply for animals Political Examples: Political freedom, laws, wars Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

Reasons for Migration: Cultural and Economic LESSON 1 – OUT OF AFRICA: WHY EARLY HUMANS SETTLED AROUND THE WORLD Reasons for Migration: Cultural and Economic Cultural Examples: Desire for religious freedom or chance for a better education Economic Examples: To overcome shortages of food, housing, or space; to find better employment or higher wages Source: “What is Human Migration?” 2005. National Geographic Society. Available online at: http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/lessons/09/g68/migrationguidestudent.pdf FOCUS MIDDLE SCHOOL WORLD HISTORY © COUNCIL FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION, NEW YORK, NY

The Lost Boys of Sudan What values do the Lost Boys hold? What are some of the challenges the Lost Boys face? What community-building strategies have the Lost Boys practiced both within the refugee camps and once re-settled in the U.S.? In what ways are they trying to improve their own lives and those of their families and friends? http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/movies/cultural-differences-ggtu http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/movies/sense-of-place-ggtu