A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH589 Downregulates XIAP in Mesothelioma Cell Lines Which is Likely Responsible for Increased Apoptosis With TRAIL James.

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A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LBH589 Downregulates XIAP in Mesothelioma Cell Lines Which is Likely Responsible for Increased Apoptosis With TRAIL James Symanowski, PhD, Nicholas Vogelzang, MD, Leigh Zawel, PhD, Peter Atadja, PhD, Harvey Pass, MD, Sunil Sharma, MD Journal of Thoracic Oncology Volume 4, Issue 2, Pages 149-160 (February 2009) DOI: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991 Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 1 Cell growth inhibitory effect of treatment on mesothelioma cell lines. Cells were treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 ng/ml and incubated for 48 (panel A) or 96 (panel B) hours. Panels C–E, cells were incubated with or without 75 ng/ml TRAIL pretreatment for 24 hours, were washed and then treated with serial dilutions of 20 to 200 nM LBH (20–400 nM LBH for H2052) for 48 hours alone or in combination with 75 ng/ml TRAIL. Data shown represent cell growth inhibition relative to cell viability in untreated control cells. Results represent 5 (Panels A and B), 8 (Panels C and E), or 4 (Panel D) replicates (treatment group means ± 1 standard error). Panel F, Inhibitory concentrations (IC) for LBH as a single agent and as part of LBH-TRAIL combinations; nM (IC50s for H2452, ME16, and MSTO. IC35s for H2052 and ME13). Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 2 Effect of treatment on apoptosis in mesothelioma cell lines as measured by cell death detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cells were treated with 75 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (T), 20 nM LBH (L20), 100 nM LBH (L100), or LBH-TRAIL combinations and incubated for 6 or 24 hours. Data shown are the ratio of delta optical density (OD) in the treated wells relative to average delta OD in untreated control cells (fold increase). Results represent four replicates for the control and single agent LBH groups and three replicates for the single agent TRAIL and combination groups (treatment group means ± 1 standard error). # indicates delta OD in the combination group significantly different from TRAIL, and * indicates statistical significance versus LBH. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 3 Effect of treatment on caspase activation. Panels A–C, caspase 3/7 activation. Panels D–F, caspase 9 activation. Cells were treated with 75 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), 100 nM LBH, or the concurrent LBH-TRAIL combination and incubated for 1, 3 (caspase 3/7 only), 6, 24, or 48 hours. Results represent 6 (caspase 3/7) or 4 (caspase 9) replicates (treatment group means ± 1 standard error). # indicates luminescence in combination group significantly different from TRAIL, and * indicates statistical significance versus LBH. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 4 Effect of treatment on protein expression, qualified through immunoblots or protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Panel A, cells were treated with 100 nM LBH for 48 hours and histones were extracted and quantified as previously described. The vehicle control samples exhibited little or no acetylation when probed with acetyl H3 and acetyl H4 whereas the LBH treated samples exhibited acetylation when probed with the same. The samples were probed with total H3 to verify loading. Panel B, cells were treated as a single agent and concurrently with 100 nM LBH, 75 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) for 24 hours. Whole cell lysis immunoblots were performed as previously described. Samples were probed with Bid/Cleaved Bid and Cleaved Parp. Panel C, cells were treated with 100 nM LBH for 6, 24, and 48 hours. An apparent decrease in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is observed at 24 and 48 hours. The blots were probed with GAPDH as a loading control. Panel D, cells were treated with 75 ng/ml TRAIL, 100 nM LBH, or the concurrent LBH-TRAIL combinations and incubated for 6, 24, or 48 hours. Results represent the average of two aliquots from a single replicate ±1 standard error. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 5 Recapitulation of LBH effect with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) antagonist LBW242 and abrogation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) effect with pan-caspase inhibitor in cell line H2452. Panel A, cells were then treated with .01, .05, .1, 1, 5, 10, and 50 μM LBW242 as a single agent and concurrently with 75 ng/ml. Cells were incubated for 96 hours before beginning the CGI protocol which was performed according to manufacturer's instruction with a 3-hour incubation after addition of the MTS reagent. Panel B, cells were pretreated with 5, 50, or 100 μM ZVAD for 2 hours then treated as a single agent or in combination with either 75 ng/ml TRAIL or 200 nM LBH. Cells were incubated for 48 hours before beginning the CGI protocol which was performed according to manufacturer's instruction with a 3-hour incubation after addition of the MTS reagent. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions

FIGURE 6 Effect of treatment on cell growth inhibition (Panel A) and apoptosis (Panels B and C) in normal cell lines. Panel A, cells were treated with serial dilutions of 20 to 200 nM LBH for 48 hours alone or in combination with 75 ng/ml tumor necrosis factor-alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Data shown represent cell growth inhibition relative to cell viability in untreated control cells. Results represent six replicates (treatment group means ± 1 standard error). Panels B and C, cells were treated with 75 ng/ml TRAIL (T), 20 nM LBH (L20), 100 nM LBH (L100), or LBH-TRAIL combinations and incubated for 6 or 24 hours. Data shown are the ratio of delta optical density in the treated wells relative to average delta optical density (OD) in untreated control cells (fold increase). Results represent four replicates for the control and single agent LBH groups and three replicates for the single agent TRAIL and combination groups (treatment group means ± 1 standard error). # indicates delta OD in combination group significantly different from TRAIL, and * indicates statistical significance versus LBH. Journal of Thoracic Oncology 2009 4, 149-160DOI: (10.1097/JTO.0b013e318194f991) Copyright © 2009 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Terms and Conditions