Ionic bonding: Li + O 2Li + O [Li]2+[O]2– or 4Li + O2 2[Li]2+[ O]2– 04/10/99 2Li + O [Li]2+[O]2– or 4Li + O2 2[Li]2+[ O]2– 3p+ 4n0 2e-1e- 8e- 2e- 8n0 8p+ 3p+ 4n0 2e- 1e- 6e- 2e- 8n0 8p+ 3p+ 4n0 2e-1e- 1e- O Li [ O ]2– [Li]2+

Ionic bonding: Al + Cl 1e- 1e- 1e- 17p+ 18n0 7e- 8e- 2e- 17p+ 18n0 04/10/99 17p+ 18n0 7e- 8e- 2e- 17p+ 18n0 8e- 8e- 2e- 1e- 13p+ 14n0 2e- 8e-3e- 17p+ 18n0 7e- 8e- 2e- 13p+ 14n0 2e- 8e- 17p+ 18n0 8e- 8e- 2e- 1e- 17p+ 18n0 8e- 8e- 2e- 17p+ 18n0 7e- 8e- 2e- 1e-

Ionic bonding: Al + Cl Al + 3Cl [Al]3+[Cl]3– Cl Al Cl [ Cl ]3– [Al]3+ 04/10/99 Al + 3Cl [Al]3+[Cl]3– Cl Al Cl [ Cl ]3– [Al]3+ Cl

Ionic vs. Covalent bonding 04/10/99 Thus far we have looked at when atoms bond due to the transfer of electrons An ionic bond forms when an atom has a greater attraction for e–s than a second atom However, if two atoms have approximately the same pull on electrons, they share the electrons (forming a “covalent” bond) Read “Covalent bonding” and “Covalent bonding continued”.

For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com Covalent bonding 04/10/99 Q7 CCl4 - Covalent HCl - Covalent MgF2 - Ionic Cl [ F ]2– [Mg]2+ Cl H Cl C Cl NH3 - Covalent NaCl - Ionic Cl [ Cl ]– [Na] + N H H H2O - Covalent H H2 - Covalent O OH– - Covalent H H H H O H For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

More bonds CO2 - Covalent HCl - Covalent Na2O - Ionic O C H Cl [ O ]2– 04/10/99 More bonds CO2 - Covalent HCl - Covalent Na2O - Ionic O C H Cl [ O ]2– [Na]2+ H Cl C O NH3 - Covalent I2 - Covalent O2 - Covalent I H N O H N O I H C H C Al2O3 - Ionic [ O ]32– [Al]23+