Beyond national policy: local drivers for a better environment John Murlis, Environment Protection UK 7th EPUK National Conference The Future of the UK Environment: delivering health and wellbeing over the next 25 years Aston 9th October 2017

Overview Background: growth of urbanism Demand for transport services Consequences Impacts Potential solutions Implementation What is needed now

Background Urban growth; a long standing process Driven by: Transformation of rural economies Access to employment Access to services, education, health, cultural, entertainment Expectations of a better life Urban population now 50%, >65% by 2050 Now: circa 4500 cities, >35 Megacities Future cities larger, more numerous Growing interest in liveability as a USP for cities

Growth 8.2 million to 14.8 million; 2000 to 2016 Istanbul: Turkey Growth 8.2 million to 14.8 million; 2000 to 2016

Demand for transport services (UK stats)

Demand for transport services

Growth in Vehicle Ownership

Demand for public transport services

Consequences/externalities

Consequences/externalities What is seen/felt Noise Congestion Conflicts between road users Proximity of vehicles and pedestrians Conflict between road users and pedestrians (for space) Construction works What is unseen Air pollution Greenhouse gas emissions Transport/Vehicles a major factor Chris Orr, Jam Utopia, from The Multitude Diaries

Consequences impacts Direct health impacts: Premature mortality from exposure to air pollution Road accidents Stress from traffic congestion Health effects of traffic noise Quality of life impacts: Loss of time Grime Poor accessibility Low liveability

Potential solutions: 1 Policies based primarily on technology Cleaner vehicles and fuels Smarter journeys Better, more attractive public transport

21st Century Energy Concepts *Permission of Toyota

Tevva designs and develops extended-range electric trucks Tevva designs new build and retrofit extended-range electric powertrains for 7.5 tonne trucks In an extended-range electric truck, an electric motor drives the wheels and a generator recharges the battery Small diesel or other engine powers generator 3 Generator recharges batteries when needed 4 “Range Extender” New build trucks 1 Battery Management System controls use of battery while communicating with other systems 5 Retrofit solutions 2 Li-ion battery modules store electricity from grid or on-board generator 2 Electric motor drives wheels Performance & emissions management software 1 3 Click here for a video of a Tevva truck in London

Cleaner Vehicles in Service Many options: low impacts on air quality, climate and quieter Experience of performance in service Now many local initiatives

Bus Rapid Transit

Potential Solutions: 2 Policies directed primarily at delivering sustainable, more liveable, cities, aiming for: Social benefits: shorter, healthier commuting more family time lower stress, fewer accidents Economic benefits: lower costs of travel fewer accidents more productive time Environmental benefits cleaner air less greenhouse gas emission reduced land use

Planning for Sustainable Cities Physical planning to: Reduce travel distances for residents Employment/service/retail locations designed to improve accessibility Better connections for logistics/supply Maximise green space Create safe routes for cycling/walking

Enabling Alternative Solutions (with added health benefits)

Implementation:1 Solutions based primarily on technology need regulation or financial incentives Low emission zones Circulation permits Reduced charges/subsidies Specific exclusions (eg diesel ban) Limited by national legislation Public costs high Do not address broader sustainability concerns

Implementation: 2 Solutions based on planning for urban sustainability rely on local empowerments, local knowledge. Can take advantage of city leaders’ concern for competitive advantage The EIU's Global Liveability Ranking Monocle Top 25 Cities Costs lower than unplanned expansion, but: Need time for development May lead to higher density Opportunities for linkages with climate policies; improved effectiveness and better cost/benefit

EIU Liveability Index 2017

Managing Demand and Planning Improved public transport: enhanced route planning; rapid bus transit; light tram Access management: congestion charging; low emission zones; alternate day access; multiple occupancy lanes Economic measures: road pricing; emission taxing; clean vehicle incentives Planning for public transport: locating retail/business in planned transport hubs

What is needed now Immediate action to assimilate cost effective technology solutions Flexible regulations to encourage smarter delivery of transport services Encourage explicit environmental criteria in urban liveability assessment Encourage innovation and experimentation in urban design Find opportunities in Habitat III, C40, sustainable cities networks

Conclusions Urbanisation drives demand for transport services; mobility/accessibility for people and goods Currently satisfied by unsustainable means, compromising quality of life, the liveability of cities Potential to use mix of hard solutions (new vehicles and fuels, more intelligent systems) and soft solutions (planning for liveability, alternatives to vehicles) to deliver future demand Urgent need to identify and celebrate innovation/ experimentation, disseminate case studies, learn from experience and promote good practice.

Non-Road Sources Construction machinery remains a major factor in quality of urban life: PM, noise, odour Retrofit DMP a viable solution Now time to put it into effect Impacts on construction costs low Low S fuels required but increasingly widely available

Dual Fuel Truck: Hardstaff Engineering

Smart use of range extended vehicles can improve local air quality and reduce GHG emissions more than BEVs GRADIENT LOW EMISSION ZONE Drop off C Drop off A Depot Drop off B Drop off D DAILY ROUTE PLAN D C B A Delivery routes increasingly involve low emission zones Smart range extender technologies charge battery in areas of low emissions sensitivity and use pure battery power wherever sensitivity is high BENEFITS: Zero emission transport where it matters More emission free miles for same battery size Lower emissions than diesel even when range extender running