Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Chapter 3 Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry

nitrile nitro

Drawing Isomers of Organic Molecules

Drawing Isomers of Organic Molecules

Naming Organic Molecules

Naming Alkanes

Naming Alkyl Groups Some alkanes have nonsystematic, common names Three-carbon alkyl group Four-carbon alkyl groups Five-carbon alkyl groups

Naming Organic Molecules p. 84

p. 82

Molecular Conformations p. 84

Molecular Conformations Ethane

Newman Projections Melvin Spencer Newman

Molecular Conformations Dihedral angle

Figure 3.7 A graph of potential energy versus bond rotation in ethane. The staggered conformers are 12 kJ/mol lower in energy than the eclipsed conformers. Fig. 3-7, p. 92

Hyperconjugation in Ethane s*-antibonding orbital s-bonding orbital

Overlap= 0.173 Overlap= 0.087

Molecular Conformations Propane

Molecular Conformations Butane

Figure 3.9 A plot of potential energy versus rotation for the C2–C3 bond in butane. The energy maximum occurs when the two methyl groups eclipse each other, and the energy minimum occurs when the two methyl groups are 180° apart (anti). Go to this book’s student companion site at www.cengage.com/chemistry/mcmurry to explore an interactive version of this figure. Fig. 3-9, p. 95

Table 3-5, p. 95

End