Mind Stretcher 3/27/18 Define selective breeding. 2. Give an example. Choosing 2 of the same species to breed in hopes of getting the best traits of each parent in the offspring.

Everything you need to know! Genetic Engineering Everything you need to know! S7L3 c. Ask questions to gather and synthesize information about the ways humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms through selective breeding.

Genetic Engineering: Definition GE involves identifying certain genes and moving them from one organism to another – even to a different species or removing the gene entirely!

Genetic Engineering: Details It produces an organism that has a new trait it would most likely not have developed on its own Genetic Engineering is controversial. REMEMBER: Genetic Engineering involves the manipulation (changing) of genes!

Genetic Engineering Example A: Diabetic = a person whose pancreas cannot create the important hormone insulin.  Take the gene for making insulin from a healthy donor’s DNA Add that gene to the DNA of pancreas cells from a diabetic Let mitosis happen for a while (in a “test tube”) so you get LOTS of pancreas cells with the good gene. Surgically implant the good cells back into the diabetic Give the insulin gene to diabetics.

Genetic Engineering Example B: Give tomatoes the ability to make “ anti-freeze” to grow in cold weather. Placing the “anti-freeze gene” from a fish in tomatoes so the tomatoes can still grow in cold weather.

Genetic Engineering Example C: Cabbage plant + scorpion venom = bug-proof veggies Scientists added a gene for producing scorpion venom to cabbage plants to kill pesky caterpillars that eat crops!

What is a Genetically Modified Food? https://youtu.be/JMPE5wlB3Zk

Advantages of Genetic Engineering Will get improved organisms Can create organisms with traits not previously thought possible Can remove “bad” genes Reduces the chance of getting “undesirable” organisms

Disadvantages of Genetic Engineering Co$tly Must be performed in a lab with special equipment Ethical issues May have long term negative affects May have negative environmental impacts

So HOW do we get extract (remove) the DNA? No need to write the next few slides…just listen! Look for the pencil in order to know which slides to write! So HOW do we get extract (remove) the DNA?

Different techniques are used to… Extract DNA from cells Cut DNA into smaller pieces Identify the sequence of bases in a DNA molecule Make unlimited copies of DNA

DNA Extraction DNA can be extracted from most cells by a simple chemical procedure The cells are opened and the DNA is separated from other parts of the cell

Genetic Engineering of insect-resistant corn: #2 Use enzymes to cut desired gene loose #1 Identify desired gene #3 Remove undesired gene #4 Insert desired gene into corn

Using the DNA Sequence Knowing the sequence of an organisms DNA (Genome) allows researchers to study specific genes, to compare them with the genes of other organisms, to try to discover the functions of different genes and gene combinations.

Any ideas WHY they would do this? Did You Know? Scientists used a bioluminescent gene from a jellyfish to create “glowing” green mice! Any ideas WHY they would do this?

Why do we make glowing rats? https://youtu.be/Qm5Bj5xNefM

More Fun With “Glow” Genes There is an enzyme that makes jellyfish and fireflies “glow” Luciferase

Glow - Fish

Glow - Mice

Genetic engineering has few limits - except our imagination, and our moral or ethical code.

Get out your Selective Breeding notes organizer – Copy GE info Process has been around for thousands of years Combines the best traits of two organisms Results in organisms that have the desirable traits of their parents Genetic Engineering Relatively new process performed within labs Manipulates or alters the genetic makeup of organisms Results in organisms with new traits

CLOSING: Place the cards into 2 columns: Selective Breeding & Genetic Engineering Uses genes only from the same species Takes a short time (few generations) Uses genes from different species Has been done for thousands of years Takes a long time (many generations) Is a new technology An example is a labradoodle. (lab+ poodle dog breeds) An example is glow in the dark rats Is expensive (costly) & done in a lab No lab needed; Anyone can perform this SB GE GE SB SB GE SB GE GE SB