Monday 3.10 Pop Quiz #8 Last Day to Drop Semester Classes See and Hear MO Frogs and Toads Ch 10 – 11 Math For Friday:

Missouri Toads and Frogs Most pictures from MDC

Frogs and Toads Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura (frogs and toads) Family Bufonidae (toads) Family Hylidae (tree frogs) Family Ranidae (“true” frogs)

Frogs vs Toads Frogs Wet Smooth/slimy Hop/Jump Bulgy eyes Long sticky tongues Egg masses Toads Dry Rough/warty Walk/Dig Flat eyes Short drier tongues Strands of eggs

Plains Spadefoot Toad 2 Spea bombifrons

American Toad 4 Bufo americanus

Cricket Frog 7 Acris creptians

Northern Spring Peeper 9 Pseudacris crucifer

Gray Treefrog 10 Hyla versicolor

Western Chorus Frog 12 Pseudacris triseriata

Eastern Narrow-mouth Toad 13 Gastrophryne carolinensis

Northern Crawfish Frog 15 Rana areolata

Bullfrog 17 Rana catesbeiana

Southern Leopard Frog 20 Rana sphenocephala

Ch 10 – 11 Mathbonanza Starting only with observed age classes, offspring prodcued, and age at death, we can calculate survival rates, death rates, birth rates. We can determine type of growth curve. We can predict Nt and K.

In a pulsed population Phlox drummondii observations – p 233 X (age in days) nx (number surviving to end of age class) mx (number of offspring produced per parents during pulse) 0-299 996 299-306 158 0.3352 306-313 154 0.7963 313-320 151 2.3995 320-327 147 3.1904 327-334 136 2.5411 334-341 105 3.1589 341-348 74 8.6625 348-355 22 4.3072 355-362

R0, net reproductive rate Per season! Pulsed population!! Sum total of all seeds produced per individuals who survived through each age class. We need lx, survivorship rate and offspring/survivor/class (lxmx) R0 = Σ lxmx

R0, net reproductive rate lx = nx/ n0 l2 = 158/996 = 0.1586 l3 = 154/996 = 0.1546 l4 = 151/996 = 0.1516 Calculate for all nx

R0, net reproductive rate R0 = Σ lxmx New column = lxmx Add all of those for R0 = Σ lxmx

Total # of offspring per season? R0 x N0 2.4177 x 996 =

Geometric rate of increase At what rate does the total population grow from one pulse to the next? λ = N(t + 1)/Nt This plant is an annual, so t = 1 year. (All previous age classes were in the same pulse/year!) Nt = 996, Nt+1 = 2408

Same pop, Ch 11, p 242 So, by rearranging, N2 = N1 x λ, and N3 = N2 x λ Because N1 = N0 x λ, by substitution, N2 = N0 x λ x λ = N0 x λ2 By extension, N3 = N0 x λ x λ x λ = N0 x λ3

Geometric Growth model We can model this population at any year in time by: Nt = N0λt Practice: Calculate N25