L.E. Bio Theme 2 Intro. to BIOCHEMISTRY

The Chemistry of Life Life is composed of MATTER MATTER (anything that occupies space and has mass) MATTER is composed of chemical ELEMENTS (substances that cannot be broken down into other substances) and COMPOUNDS Of about 92 elements that occur in nature, only about 11 make-up the human body

Elements of the Human Body Elements in the Human Body Name Symbol Percent of Weight Oxygen O 65.0 Carbon C 18.5 Hydrogen H 9.5 Nitrogen N 3.3 Calcium Ca 1.5 Phosphorous P 1.0 Potassium K 0.4 Sulfur S 0.3 Sodium Na 0.2 Chlorine Cl Magnesium Mg 0.1 Webelements - interactive periodic table

Also Remember the “Big Four” Remember C, H, O, N, P, S Also Remember the “Big Four” C, H, O N Carbohydrates are made of………C, H and O Fats (lipids) are made of………………C, H and O Proteins are made of………………….C, H, O and N Chinese Triplets CHO Carbohydrate CHO Fat (Lipid) CHON Protein

COMPOUNDS substances containing two or more elements that are chemically combined (ex. Chlorophyll, Water, Starch) C55H72O5N4Mg, H2O, (C6H10O5)n ATOMS smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element, each element consists of one type of atom

Organic Compounds 1st all contain the element Carbon (C) 2nd they also contain Hydrogen (H) and sometimes Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N) Occur in living things and their products Examples Glucose (C6H12O6), Sucrose (C11H22O11)

Inorganic Compounds Do NOT contain the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Examples Sodium chloride (NaCl), Quartz (SiO2) Exceptions Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbonates (CO3)

Important Inorganic Compounds Water (see next slide) Salts Important for proper body function

Characteristics of Water: Liquid at room temperature. Universal solvent. Temperature of water changes slowly. Frozen water is less dense so ice floats. Provides a place for reactions to occur.

Reactions Oxidation Synthesis Something reacts with oxygen; releases energy Example: Aerobic Cellular Respiration Synthesis Building larger molecules from smaller molecules

Dehydration Synthesis Building larger molecules from smaller molecules by removing water

Draw Dehydration Synthesis

Dehydration Synthesis Linking together to form polymers by removing water. Covalent bond

Hydrolysis = Digestion Breaking down by adding water Makes larger molecules smaller Uses one water molecule per bond

Draw Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis

youtube 2PP-DehydrationSynthesis