Submitted to sir naeem abbas

MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA Contants;.Introduction.Size of bacteria.Shape of bacterial cell.Arrangement of bacterial cell

INTRODUCTION;.Bacteria is unicellular, free-living, microscopic organism capable of performing all essential function of life..They posses both DNA and RNA..Bacteria are prokaryotic organism that do not contain chlorophyll..They occur in water, soil, air, food and all natural enviroment.

.They can survive extremes of temperature, pH, oxygen, and atmospheric pressure. SIZE OF BACTERIA. Bacteria are very small microorganisms which are visible under the microscope..They are having the size range in microns..An electron microscope is used for

.clear visualization of internal structure. SHAPES OF BACTERIA.o n the basis of shape bacteria are classified as 1.COCCI 2. BACILLI 3. SPIRILLA 4. SPIROCHETES 5. ACTINOMYCETES 6. MYCOPLASMA

.COCCI ; cocci are small, spherical or oval cell. In greek ‘’Kokkos’ mean berry. Eg; micrococcus

. BACILLI;.They are rod shaped cell. Eg Bacillus megaterium..It is derived from greek word ‘’Bacillus’ meaning stick.. In some of bacilli the length is equal to width. Known as coccobacilli. Eg bracella.

.vibrios;.They are comma shaped curved rods. Eg vibro comma.

. Spirilla;. They are longer rigid rods with several curves or coils.. They have a helical shape and rigid body.

. SPIROCHETES;. They are slender and flexuous spirl form.

. ACTINOMYCETES. The characteristic shape is due to presences of rigid cell wall. Eg Streptomyces.. They are branching filamentous bacteria.

MYCOPLAMA;. They are cell wall deficient bacteria and hence do not possess stable morphology. They occur as round or oval bodies with intercting filaments.

OTHER SHAPED;.Some bacteria are oval- to- pear shaped bacteria produced a bud at the end of long hypha..some bacteria produced non living stalks..few bacteria are flat. Walsby has discovered square bacteria living in salt pound.

.Pleomorphic bacteria; Some bacteria are variable in shape and lack a single,characteristic form. These are called pleamorphic even though they may, like Corynebacterium, have a generally rod like form.

ARRANGMENT OF BACTERIAL CELL. Cocci appear as several characteristics arrangement or group. 1.Diplococci 2. Streptococci 3. tetracocci 4. staphlococci

5. Sarcinae; 1. diplococci;. They spilt in one plane and remains in pair. Eg:diplococci pneumoniae. 2. Streptococci;. These cells divide in one

planes and remains attached, to form chains. Eg streptococcus lactis. 3. Tetracoccus;. They divide in two planes and live in group of four. 4. Staphylococci. Cocci cell are divide in three

planes in an irregular pattern. These cell produce bunches of cocci as in grapes. Eg staphylococcus albus. 5. Sarcinae;. Sarcinae cells divide in three plane in a regular pattern. These cells are produces in

Cubodial arrangement of group of a eight cell.. Eg Micrococcous tetragena.