Thought of the Day- What is Earth’s energy budget? Mr. Ruark’s Earth Science Thought of the Day- What is Earth’s energy budget? Please answer the following questions using your book. Look at Figure 3 on page 35. 1. Name two items from the biosphere that you see in that picture. 2. What do you see that would be labeled as part of the geosphere? The lake is part of which of Earth’s four spheres? The sky is blue because… Daily Objective(s): We will determine the importance of Earth’s energy budget. Day 19 Unit 1: Introduction to Earth Science

Cool Down: REVIEW When the Earth’s receives more of the Sun’s energy than it sends off, the Earth will get warmer or cooler? Why?

Energy in the Earth System Chapter 2

Earth-System Science System: an organized group of related objects or components that interact to create a whole Vary in size Subatomic to size of the universe All have boundaries Many have energy and matter recycled through them

Earth-System Science Operation of the Earth system is a result of interaction between matter and energy Transfers of matter and energy cause changes in the physical or chemical properties of matter

Open Systems Open system: both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings Example: a lake Water enters lake through rainfall and streams Waters exits lake through streams and evaporation Sunlight and air exchange heat with lake Wind energy is transferred to the lake as waves

Closed Systems Closed system: energy, but not matter, is exchanged with the surroundings Example: a sealed jar Heat and light energy can be exchanged through jar’s sides Matter cannot enter or exit because the jar is sealed

The Earth System All systems that make up the Earth system are open BUT matter exchange is limited Only a small amount of space dust and rock enters the system Only a fraction of H atoms in the atmosphere escape into space

Earth’s Four Spheres Matter on Earth is in solid, liquid, and gaseous states The Earth system is composed of four spheres: Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere

Earth’s Four Spheres Atmosphere: the blanket of gasses that surrounds the Earth’s surface Provides air that we breathe Protects us from the Sun’s harmful radiation Made mostly of nitrogen and oxygen

Earth’s Four Spheres Hydrosphere: all of Earth’s water 97% saltwater (oceans) 3% freshwater Lakes Rivers Streams Frozen in glaciers and ice sheets Underground

Earth’s Four Spheres Geosphere: the mostly solid part of Earth Includes all of the rock and soil on the surface of the continents and ocean floor also includes the solid and molten interior of Earth

Earth’s Four Spheres Biosphere: composed of all the forms of life on Earth Also composed of any organic matter that has not decomposed Extends from the deepest parts of the ocean to the atmosphere

Earth’s Energy Budget Exchanges and flow of energy happen in predictable ways Remember! Energy and matter can be transferred but not created nor destroyed Matter and energy are constantly being exchanged through Earth’s four spheres: Atmosphere Hydrosphere Geosphere Biosphere https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfrIS HDidVE

Internal Sources of Energy Interior of Earth heated from radioactive decay and its formation Hot materials rise to the surface through convection Energy is transferred through the layers and released at the surface as heat This process caused mountains, earthquakes, and volcanoes

External Sources of Energy Sun: solar radiation warms the atmosphere and surface Causes movement of air masses, which generates winds and ocean currents Plants use solar energy to fuel growth Animals eat plants, transferring the energy through biosphere

External Sources of Energy Gravitational energy: from the sun and moon Generates tides which cause currents

The Carbon Cycle Carbon is essential in the fuel used for life processes Short-term cycle: Plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates (sugars) Organisms eat plants and get carbon Organisms’ bodies release carbon dioxide through respiration, through wastes (poop), and by decay of remains

The Carbon Cycle Long-term cycle: carbon moves through Earth’s four spheres over a very long time Carbon is stored in geosphere in: Plant or animal remains Rock called a carbonate (limestone) Forms from shells and bones https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4 vJ_1ojjlxw

The Water Cycle Continuous movement of water from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface and back to the atmosphere Water changes from liquid to gas through evaporation and transpiration Condensation causes water to change from gas back to a liquid, forming clouds Water falls back to surface through precipitation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWb4 KlM2vts