Food Chains and Food Webs EQ: How do organisms interact with each other and the non-living parts of their environment? EQ: How is matter and energy transferred and recycled among organisms and their environment?

Food Chain A food chain shows how each living thing gets its food Some animals eat plants Some animals eat other animals Some animals eat both plants and animals

Food Chains Each link in this chain is food for the next link A food chain always starts with the sun and ends with an animal

Food chains vs. Energy/Food webs

Food Chains and Food Webs--- there is a difference! Energy/Food Webs Food chains show how energy in foods flows from one organism to another. Few organisms eat just one kind of food! Food chains are rare! Food webs show the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem. Since most organisms eat more than one kind of food, webs are more commonly used!

Parts of food chains and Webs As stated before, a food chain always starts with the sun and ends with an animal. There are four parts to every food chain The Sun Plants (Producers) Animals (Consumers) Decomposers

The Sun The Sun is the original source of energy, in the form of light, for the food chain. Plants (producers) capture this energy to make their food.

Producers Plants are called producers because the are able to make their own food using the Sun’s energy.

Consumers Animals cannot make their own food so they must eat plants and/or other animals. They are called consumers because they must eat, or consume their energy.

Types of Consumers There are 3 kinds of consumers Herbivores: only eat plants (primary consumers) Carnivores: only eat other animals Omnivores: eat both plants and animals

Carnivores are broken into two subgroups…. Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Carnivores who eat herbivores Example: A snake that eats rabbits Carnivores who eat other carnivores Example: Owl eating the snake!

Decomposers Decomposers speed up the decay process in the food chain/web that puts nutrients back into the food chain for the plants to use. These plants feed the herbivores, which feed the carnivores….. Examples: bacteria and fungi

Most food chains only have 4-5 links Why? There cannot be too many links in a single food chain because the animals at the end of the chain would not get enough food/energy to stay alive. Many animals are part of more than one food chain and eat more than one kind of food so they can meet their energy requirements. They are part of a food web

Energy Pyramids Energy pyramids show how energy decreases as you “move up” the food chain Producers at the bottom Consumers at top In an energy pyramid, energy is passed from one level to another.

Energy Pyramids -- Producers Producers (plants) are found at the base of the pyramid. MANY plants are required to support a successful food pyramid T-P-S: Why must energy pyramids have a large number of producers if it is to be successful?

Energy Pyramids -- Herbivores When an herbivore eats, only a fraction of the energy that it gets from the plant becomes new body mass.

Energy Pyramids So what happens to the “wasted” energy? It is used to carry out…. Digestion Movement Reproduction Or it’s just given off as waste!

Energy Pyramids -- Carnivore When a carnivore eats an herbivore only a small amount of the energy consumed by the herbivore gets passed to the carnivore.

And of that small amount of energy …. Some of it will be “wasted” or “used up” by the carnivore as it carries on its life processes. A carnivore has to eat A LOT of herbivores to get enough energy to grow!

Because of the large amount of energy that is lost at each link , the amount of energy that is transferred is lesser and lesser…. In general…. The further up the food chain you go, the less food (and hence, energy) remains available Most food chains have fewer than five links A change in size of one population in a food chain will affect other populations

A change in the size of one population will… Affect other populations within the same food chain. For example, if there are too many giraffes, there will not be enough trees and shrubs for them to eat. This will lead to giraffes dying of starvation. Fewer giraffes will mean less food for lions Lions will die of starvation But…. With less giraffes to eat trees and shrubs, the tree/shrub numbers will grow And, if there are less lions to eat the giraffes, the giraffe population will have time to multiply again. ISN’T IT GREAT HOW NATURE WILL TAKE CARE OF ITSELF????

Food Web Creation http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm We will be creating a food web as a class. Remember food web/chain “rules” Starts with the sun, ends with an animal Your choices must make sense I will be using the sticks to call on students

Quick Write Use your notes to complete the quick write. All terms must be used and underlined. Use at least 3 evidence-based terms in your writing. If you run out of space on the front, there is this mystical place called the other side of the paper. Visit it! Draw a picture of a food web when you are finished writing EVIDENCE-BASED TERMS Because … According to my notes… Mrs. Belaski said … For example … For instance … In my notes, I noticed …

Review What starts all food chains/webs? http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=youtube+brainpop+videos+food+chains&view=detail&mid=6F27C44E15AD7635F8416F27C44E15AD7635F841&first=0&FORM=NVPFVR What starts all food chains/webs? What is the difference between food chains/webs? What are the four parts of every food chain/web? Give three examples of a producer Give three examples of a consumer What happens to most of the energy in a food chain/web? Where does this energy go?