CHAPTER 4 Adenosine Triphosphate and Energy

Life depends on sunlight (93 million miles)

1 day = 1.5 billion times the energy in US for 1 year

Energy = the ability to do work makes eats “Food Chain”

Heterotrophs = organisms that “eat” their food

Autotrophs = Organisms that make their own food (sun)

Afterwards, have your partner do the same for you. Turn to your shoulder partner. Using the words autotroph and heterotroph, tell your partner the difference in how organisms “get” energy in order to live. Afterwards, have your partner do the same for you.

Energy Pathway? Food  Broken down   ?  Delivered

ATP Adenosine Triphosphate Nitrogen Base “Adenosine” Macromolecule? 3-P’s Nucleotide with 2 extra P groups Sugar

ATP ADP + P Extra P groups unstable (neg charge = repel) Bonds broken = release energy

Forming ATP (uses energy) ADP + P + energy ----> ATP Energy “In”  2-P’s 3-P’s Breaking Down ATP (releases energy) ATP ----> ADP + energy + P Energy “Out”  3-P’s 2-P’s

3 Heads Together Number off 1,2,3 Answer this question at the bottom of your notes page – “Why does the structure of ATP allow it be the “currency” of the cell?” (2 minutes) Group together with those closest to you to form a group of three and stand up. Discuss your answers and decide on your groups answer. (3 minutes) Whoever’s number gets called must go and write your group’s answer on the board

CHAPTER 4 CELLULAR RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION = process by which sugar is broken down to release energy (ATP).

Work requires energy Where get energy? “EAT FOOD”

Hence, we are called? Heterotrophs

Also Autotrophs Why? They make it then break it

Venus Flytrap

 Cells Food broken down into smaller particles Which system? “metabolism” Where to? Intestine  Blood  Muscle  Cells

Find Someone Who Knows Stand up and find someone who knows what organelle inside the cell is used to break down glucose and provide energy for the cells and therefore the entire organism. When you have found that person, hold your hands up in a high-five – they belong only to you, no one else gets to use them.

ORGANELLE? Mitochondria

Chemical Equation for Respiration Reactants  Products Glucose (sugar) + Oxygen  ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water “Heat”

+ 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + (36)ATP C6H12O6 3 Stages: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Heat C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + (36)ATP 3 Stages: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain

What happens when you exercise?

Breathe harder? “Aerobic Respiration” Oxygen In  Work Out maximum ATP production

What happens if there is not enough oxygen? Not in shape?

“Sore” pyruvate  lactate = “Lactic Acid Fermentation” minimum ATP production

“Alcoholic Fermentation” Other organisms = Yeast Pyruvate  Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 12% ethanol = beyond toxic to yeast

Choose one to answer with a partner What are the plusses and minuses of alcoholic and lactic fermentation? When experiencing oxygen debt, why do human cells not go through the process of alcohol fermentation? Why is aerobic respiration so much more efficient that anaerobic respiration?

anaerobic process electron transport chain fermentation glucose Use these terms to help you complete the concept map in your notes. Discuss your answers with your shoulder partner. anaerobic process electron transport chain fermentation glucose glycolysis Kreb’s cycle NAD+ pyruvate

Mix – Pair - Share Get up and mix (walk) around the room When the teacher calls “Pair” – pair up with the person closest to you and give them a high five – they are YOUR partner. If you don’t have a partner, raise your hand and you will be paired. Tallest person is “A”, shorter person is “1” 1s – for 1 minute, share everything you think photosynthesis and respiration have in common with your partner. As, remain silent and LISTEN to your partner. Next, reverse roles.

PHOTO vs. RESPIRATION “Circle of Life” What have in common? End products of one process are the Beginning reactants of the other “Circle of Life”