1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems 111 Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures Session 1 World Bank Institute Katherine Kelman

2Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized? Maintain formal and informal interaction between institutions, financial mechanisms, regulations and policies Engage senior government policymakers AND accommodating and supporting local decision-making and private market initiatives Balance centralized (top-down) and decentralized (bottom-up) approaches

3Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized? contd. Address both the ex ante (pre-disaster) and ex post (post-disaster) phases of the risk management cycle However, they demand distinct technical and administrative approaches. Tailor organization to the nature of federal or intergovernmental relations within the country. National governments usually play a major role in risk identification, risk transfer, and rehabilitation and reconstruction. Local governments, often with the help of NGOs, are involved in risk mitigation, preparedness and emergency response.

4Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Building and Strengthening National Systems for Disaster Prevention and Response An integrated, cross-sectoral network of institutions addressing all the phases of risk reduction and disaster recovery requires: Policy and planning Reform of legal and regulatory frameworks Coordination mechanisms Strengthening of participating institutions National action plans for mitigation policies, and institutional development. The organizational approach is also important: Reactive vs. proactive approach to risk management. Powers and responsibilities concentrated in center vs. hierarchically distributed. Interaction between the levels coercive vs. cooperative.

5Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Designing Effective National Disaster Management Systems Have an explicit national disaster strategy that is integrated into other national policies, such as: Environmental, poverty, development Integrate key players in the national disaster management process, such as: Finance ministry, local community leaders, NGOs, and private market actors Make provisions to ensure sufficient resources for key players to carry out their responsibilities, such as: Continual risk assessment Country-wide risk transfer Mutual aid agreements with other levels of government Extended partnerships

6Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Philippines - Elements of An Effective Response Operation EVACUATION AND RELIEF EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES FIRE SUPPRESSION SEARCH AND RESCUE DAMAGE AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES LAW ENFORCEMENT COMMAND AND CONTROL

7Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Typical Organizational Structure

8Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Country Approaches to Disaster Management Systems Risk management receives the attention of those responsible for long-term economic planning and is integrated into the planning process when: Disasters are considered as part of the development process Ineffective systems fail to develop long-term sustainable support for members activities Successful systems take advantage of the existing government structures and involve: National, provincial, local, and community government Ministries and other institutions

9Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Incorporating Key Players Is Important Finance ministries Help ensure funding for the institutional framework; Facilitate incorporation of disaster management into development policy; Provide incentives for financing mitigation projects. Communities Local communities provide impetus for national disaster management when political motivation flags; Local level feedback is important in the disaster management process. International aid and financial institutions Policies and the incentives they create for countries can make or break the establishment of national disaster risk programs.

10Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Incorporating Key Players, contd. Private sector risk transfer providers Provide individuals and communities with a range of options for transferring disaster risk ex-ante through insurance, catastrophe hedges, etc. Create incentives for mitigation and prevention Can team up with governments to devise affordable insurance schemes Military Traditionally in control of civil defense

11Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Philippines: National Disaster Coordinating Councils ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL 79 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 17 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 113 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS 41,956 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS

12Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems Becoming Integrated into Policies and National Systems Requires political will Requires a constituency beyond disaster specialists Needs to reflect the preferences of the population, such as when legislated through a participatory process Needs to reflect correctly assessed risks through cooperation with researchers