FOCUS ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES saklviTüal½yCatiRKb;RKg NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MANAGEMENT karRKb;RKgbriyakasGaCIvkmµ ENVIRONMENT BUSINESS MANAGEMENT CHAPTER V FOCUS ON PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURES PREPARED BY SAY PUNNAREAY, MBA

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS INTEGRATION Technology Environment Environment Industrial Ecology Industrial Ecology Society Economy Business  Environmental Management Politics Industrial Ecology

1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CENTRALIZED INFRASTRUCTURES?  Pollution and energy loss involved with the transportation of fuels, materials, solid waste, and sewage.  The landscape and habitat damage resulting from more roads, pipelines, power lines, canals, ports, bridges etc.  The materials, energy, and pollution costs of building infrastructure.

2. DISTRIBUTED INFRASTRUCTURES?  Efficient end-use  Cheap, easy to use renewable sources  New fuels  Small-scaled fueled generations  Distributed energy storage  Electricity grid improvements

Fuel Cells as subsystem within a product system

Toyota http://www.aimzeroemissions.eu/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chevrolet_Volt--DC.jpg The Chevrolet Volt, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, is an advanced technology Partial zero-emissions vehicle PZEV that will be launched in the U.S. by late 2010.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nissan_Leaf_005.JPG The Nissan Leaf electric car is a zero emission vehicle (ZEV) that will be launched in the market by the end of 2010.

The Zero-Emissions Electric Vehicle of the Future http://automobiles.honda.com/fcx-clarity/performance.aspx The Zero-Emissions Electric Vehicle of the Future About 200 vehicles will be leased over the next three years, primarily in Southern California.

Indian Air Powered Car Coming to U.S. in 2009 http://twilightearth.com/environment-archive-2/indian-air-powered-car

Fuel Cells as subsystem within a product system