Police Organization and Management Chapter #6

Police Mission in U.S. 1. enforce / support _____ 2. investigate _____ 3. apprehend _____ 4. _____ crime 5. ensure ___________ 6. provide community with _____

Police must respond regardless Enforcing law _____% - _____% of all calls to police require a police response Police must respond regardless

Prevention based on _____ Crime prevention Proactive 1. 2. 3. Prevention based on _____

________ + ________ + __________ = reduction or lower risk Crime prevention Compstat: crime analysis & police management based upon crime mapping ________ + ________ + __________ = reduction or lower risk

Broken window theory Weed-and-seed programs Quality of life issues Broken window theory Weed-and-seed programs

911 – emergency calls 311 – non-emergency calls Police services 911 – emergency calls 311 – non-emergency calls

Preventive patrol Uniformed officers on street: 1. 2. 3. 4. psychological feeling of safety

Response time: from dispatch to arrival Routine response 2nd most important function Response time: from dispatch to arrival

Critical incidences Human life in jeopardy Emergency response Critical incidences Human life in jeopardy

Physical area where a crime is __________& __________ Crime scene Physical area where a crime is __________& __________

Crime scene response 1. determine whether a crime’s been committed 2. initiate enforcement action 3. gather evidence 4. forensic specialists

SARA – scanning / analysis / respond / assess Problem solving SARA – scanning / analysis / respond / assess

Dispatch / training / property control / records / evidence Support services Dispatch / training / property control / records / evidence

_____ / _____ / coordinating __________ Police management _____ / _____ / coordinating __________

Police Organization and Structure Most police organization is structured along lines of authority. Line Operations Field activities or supervisory activities directly related to day-to-day police work Staff Operations Include support roles, such as administration

Unbroken line of authority that ________________________ Chain of command Unbroken line of authority that ________________________

__________ a ranked officer supervises Span-of-control __________ a ranked officer supervises

Historical Eras in American Policing

Styles of policing

Control _____ behavior Watchman style Maintain _____ Control _____ behavior Consider using ______ Inner city style Urban areas

Ignore quality of life issues Legalistic style Enforce the law Ignore quality of life issues

Service style Try to meet community needs Helping as opposed to arresting

Assign officers to fixed districts Get to know the community Team policing Assign officers to fixed districts Get to know the community

Community policing Police-Community Relations 1. store front police 2. neighborhood watch 3. Project ID 4. Youth fingerprinting At least 1 of 4 of the following 1. community-based crime prevention 2. re-orient police to non-emergency service 3. increase police accountability 4. decentralized command

Attacks organized crime: Strategic policing Attacks organized crime:

Use social _____ to attack social ______ Problem oriented Use social _____ to attack social ______

Critique of Community Policing Some criticize community policing, citing problems such as: Too abstract of a concept Hard-to-measure success Difficult to conceptualize and quantify “citizen success” Not readily accepted by all police officers or managers Difficulty coming to a consensus with regard to what’s considered a “community problem”

Impact of terrorism 1. increased federal aid to ______ 2. re-define ______ 3. re-direct patrol to _____ 4. creation of _____ 5. protect people 6. new technology

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach IACP announced its Taking Command Initiative in They identified five key principles behind an effective homeland security policy. Homeland security proposals must be developed in local context. Prevention is a key part of any strategy. State and local law enforcement can help identify, investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects. Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not federally. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach considering the vast diversity among state and local law enforcement and public safety agencies.

Intelligence-led policing Use of intelligence to fight terrorism Criminal intelligence – info compiled / analyzed / disseminated in order to anticipate / prevent / monitor criminal activity

The International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) Approach IACP announced its Taking Command Initiative in They identified five key principles behind an effective homeland security policy. Homeland security proposals must be developed in local context. Prevention is a key part of any strategy. State and local law enforcement can help identify, investigate, and apprehend terrorist suspects. Strategies must be coordinated nationally, not federally. There cannot be a one-size-fits-all approach considering the vast diversity among state and local law enforcement and public safety agencies.

MATRIX – multi-state anti-terrorism information exchange Exchange of sensitive info b/w federal / state / local Boundary-less policing

Basis of what a police officer does Discretion = choice Basis of what a police officer does

6. disagreement with _____ discretion Influences: 1. officer’s _____ 2. suspect’s _____ 3. department _____ 4. _____ interest 5. pressure from _____ 6. disagreement with _____

Police ethics / accreditation Adhere to the moral duty / obligation that is inherent in police work National standards that include ethical behavior

Education / training http://www.mpoetc.state.pa.us/mpotrs/site/default.asp

Selection process 1. written test 2. oral test 3. personal interview 4. physical agility test 5. medical exam 6. drug testing 7. psychological test

Percentage of Local Police Departments Using Various Recruit-Screening Methods, (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2000)

Ethnic & gender diversity 2000 – _____% of officers were non-Caucasian Females ___% - all police jobs ___% - minority females ___% - top command ___% - supervisors ___% - line officers