Where do we get most of our fresh drinking water? remember our pie charts?

Not lakes.

Not lakes.

Not lakes...only 0.52% of freshwater is here

Recall THE WATER CYCLE…

Certainly not rivers.

Certainly not rivers…only 0.01% OF OUR FRESHWATER IS FOUND THERE!

Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water?

Where do humans get most of our fresh drinking water? down here

Most our FRESH usable (aka: available) WATER comes from UNDERGROUND

HOW DOES WATER GET underground? let’s see….

Let’s do a little demonstration Push down a bit of toilet paper into the bottom of your cylinder.

Fresh Earth under our feet can be measured 3 ways: grain size (size of the bits) porosity (space between the bits) permeability (how fast something passes through)

Make a quick table substance gravel sand clay grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel sand clay

FILL OUT THESE COLUMNS NOW as I give you one of the 3 substances grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel sand clay

We will time how quickly water passes through each layer. http://www.online-stopwatch.com/full-screen-stopwatch/

fill in the rest of your table substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high sand small medium clay super fine low

You should have this… substance gravel sand clay What did we learn? grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable What did we learn?

What did we learn? Super fine grains ________ water. substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains ________ water. Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!

What did we learn? Super fine grains STOPS water. substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low not permeable Super fine grains STOPS water. Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps __________ our groundwater!

What did we learn? Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low IMpermeable Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE Water goes right _________ gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps _______ our groundwater!

What did we learn? Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low IMpermeable Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE Water goes right THROUGH gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps _______ our groundwater!

What did we learn? Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE substance grain size (large, small, super fine) porosity (high, medium, low) permeability (fast, slow, none) gravel large high fast sand small medium slow clay super fine low IMpermeable Super fine grains STOPS water. IMPERMEABLE Water goes right THROUGH gravel into the ground Sandy grains helps FILTER our groundwater!

Clean-up

check for understanding… The larger the grain size of our soil… the more water is trapped. the more water is filtered. the more water flows into the ground.

check for understanding… The larger the grain size of our soil… the more water is trapped. the more water is filtered. the more water flows into the ground.

check for understanding… The smallest grain size… traps the water puddling above it. filters water the most. helps the ground soak up more water.

check for understanding… The smallest grain size… traps the water puddling above it. filters water the most. helps the ground soak up more water.

tiered lesson to follow…skip to 32 otherwise

how does our groundwater system work?

AQUIFERS are places where freshwater settles underground.

Freshwater sinks into these AQUIFERS because they are made of porous PERMEABLE soils.

Freshwater sinks into these AQUIFERS because they are made of porous PERMEABLE soils. WHICH TWO SOILS CAN ABSORB GROUNDWATER? CLAY GRAVEL SAND

Freshwater sinks into these AQUIFERS because they are made of porous PERMEABLE soils. WHICH TWO SOILS CAN ABSORB GROUNDWATER? CLAY GRAVEL SAND

Freshwater sinks into these AQUIFERS because they are made of porous PERMEABLE soils. SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL

Permeable AQUIFERS rest upon impermeable rock.

Permeable AQUIFERS rest upon impermeable rock. WHAT TYPE OF ROCK WOULD BE JUST BELOW AN AQUIFER and HOLD THE FRESHWATER ABOVE IT? CLAY GRAVEL SAND

CLAY

Permeable AQUIFERS rest upon impermeable rock. WHAT TYPE OF ROCK WOULD BE JUST BELOW AN AQUIFER and HOLD THE FRESHWATER ABOVE IT? CLAY GRAVEL SAND

Impermeable soils like CLAY keep AQUIFER water above it. SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL

The water table is the tip top level of underground water SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL

The water table is the tip top level of underground water

The water table IS AROUND THE SAME LEVEL AS ANY NEARBY LAKE, POND OR STREAM…

just below the water table, permeable Aquifer soils are SATURATED (SOAKED WITH WATER)

just below the water table, permeable Aquifer soils are SATURATED (SOAKED WITH WATER) SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED

just ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS PERMEABLE, BUT ____________ SOILS

just ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS PERMEABLE, BUT UNSATURATED SOILS

just ABOVE THE WATER TABLE IS PERMEABLE, BUT UNSATURATED SOILS SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED IMPERMEABLE DRY SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED IMPERMEABLE SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL DRY IMPERMEABLE SATURATED

Freshwater SPRINGS & ARTESIAN WELLS shoot out groundwater from rocks & wells below the water table.

CHECK for understanding…

Is the land above a water table permeable or impermeable?

the land above a water table permeable!

Is the land BELOW THE GROUNDWATER permeable or impermeable?

The land BELOW A GROUNDWATER AQUIFER IS impermeable!

How do we usually access our groundwater? PERMEABLE impermeable

we usually access groundwater BY wells! PERMEABLE impermeable

we usually access groundwater BY wells! you’ve seen those fake rocks on people’s property… PERMEABLE impermeable

we usually ACCESS groundwater BY wells! WHAT IS THIS DIAGRAM TRYING TO WARN US ABOUT? PERMEABLE impermeable

we usually ACCESS groundwater BY wells! TOXIC STUFF CAN SEEP INTO OUR GROUNDWATER! we usually ACCESS groundwater BY wells! PERMEABLE impermeable

What’s another word for groundwater? PERMEABLE impermeable

groundwater = aquifer! PERMEABLE AQUIFER impermeable

groundwater = aquifer!

Sandstone aquifers underground in US.

Here’s ALL our aquifers at all sorts of Earth depths!

DRAW & LABEL THIS PICTURE!!!! LAKE or UNSATURATED SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED IMPERMEABLE DRY SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL SATURATED SAND, GRAVEL, LOOSE SOIL IMPERMEABLE DRY IMPERMEABLE SATURATED

go to RIVER BASINS

Let’s draw some AQUIFERS! check out the board…use colored pencils if need be. IDENTIFY & LABEL: SPRING CONFINED AQUIFER UNCONFINED AQUIFER WATER TABLE WELL PERMEABLE LAYERS IMPERMEABLE LAYERS

Freshwater SPRINGS shoot out of rocks from just below the water table.

Freshwater SPRINGS shoot out of rocks when just below the water table. Here’s a spring gushing out below the water table

Let’s draw!

Here’s another spring from rock that must be holding some water back behind these otherwise impermeable rocks!