Chapter 22 A Time of Tyrants Isolation and Infamy The Fight for Fortress Europe The War in the Pacific

Tyrants Italy: Mussolini Fascism Il Duce Conquered and annexed Ethiopia

Tyrants Germany: Hitler Mein Kampf Nazi Party Führer “Third Reich” Rebuilt military

Tyrants Japan: Hirohito and Hideki Tojo Emperor Hirohito Tojo led the military Manchuria and China

Tyrants Japan canceled Washington Naval Treaty Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Tyrants Soviet Union: Stalin Crushed opposition Millions died

Coming of War German troops move into Rhineland Austria Anschluss

Coming of War Sudetenland Munich Conference Czechoslovakia No one stands up to Hitler yet

Coming of War Hitler and Stalin sign Nazi-Soviet nonaggression pact Hitler promptly invades Poland Blitzkrieg

Germany Britain and France declare war but do little in Poland Denmark Norway Vidkun Quisling

Germany Attack to the west France Luxembourg Holland Belgium

Germany Luftwaffe Dunkirk Britain faced the Nazis alone

Britain Battle of Britain Daylight bombing Night bombing British resolve Churchill

Germany Surprise attack on Soviet Union Wehrmacht Operation Barbarossa

Isolationism Traditional isolationist foreign policy War debt problem Great Depression

Isolationism Most Americans sympathized with Allies Neutrality Act of 1939 “Cash-and-carry” America First committees

1940 FDR runs for 3rd term “Your boys are not going to be sent...” Republicans nominated Wendell Wilkie

Arsenal America the “arsenal of democracy” Lend-Lease Act “Flying Tigers”

Arsenal Atlantic Charter Germany attacks American vessels

Pearl Harbor Japan continues to seize territory Douglas MacArthur Japan’s chief naval threat was the U.S.

Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 Surprise attack Successful attack

Pearl Harbor Missed American aircraft carriers Americans able to rebuild United American nation

Philippines MacArthur forced to leave Bataan Corregidor “Death march”

Japan Doolittle leads first raid on Japan Battle of Midway Admiral Nimitz Battle of the Coral Sea

Home Front Field and factory Surrendering of some individual freedoms Expansion of federal power over economy

Home Front War Production Board Rationing Recycling Many women entered the workforce

Home Front Tax increases Payroll deductions National debt increased sixfold Blue and gold stars

Fight for Europe Africa Mussolini defeated by British Rommel and the Germans push back British

Fight for Europe Africa Bernard Montgomery Americans land in western Africa Operation Torch Dwight D. Eisenhower

Fight for Europe Italy Casablanca Conference Sicily Slow progress north through Italy

Fight for Europe D-day Eisenhower: Supreme Allied Commander June 6, 1944 Normandy coast of France

Fight for Europe D-day Nazis resisted but could not repel invasion Advance to Paris Most of France liberated by end of 1944

Fight for Europe Battle of the Bulge Put a bulge in the Allied lines Bastogne Germans pushed back

The Pacific Island hopping Guadalcanal Marianas Philippines Battle of Leyte Gulf Kamikazes

The Pacific Iwo Jima Okinawa Suicides

The Pacific Yalta Conference FDR had just won re-election over Thomas Dewey Harry Truman

The Pacific Yalta Conference Formation of an international organization for peace high on FDR’s agenda Misconception

The Pacific Yalta Conference FDR thought he could deal with Stalin Misconception

The Pacific Yalta Conference Stalin agreed to join the fight against Japan but wanted territory in exchange

Europe Victory achieved in May 1945 Potsdam Conference Atomic bomb

The Pacific Ultimatum to Japanese Hiroshima Enola Gay Nagasaki Bocks Car

The Pacific Japan surrenders September 2, 1945 Fifty million had died in WWII