Chapter 27 – Early Years of the Cold War Section Notes Video Adjusting to Peace War in Korea and a New Red Scare The Nation Prospers The Impact of Television Maps Cold War Europe, 1955 The Korean War History Close-up Inside a Bomb Shelter Images Quick Facts Jackie Robinson Advertisement Linking to Today: The United Nations Primary Source: Fear of Communism The Yalta and Potsdam Conferences The Fair Deal Postwar Boom, 1945-1960 Chapter 27 Visual Summary

War in Korea and a New Red Scare The Big Idea During the Cold War, the U.S. government confronted communism globally and within the United States. Main Ideas The United States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War. Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home. President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world.

Main Idea 1: The United States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War. Cold War quickly spread to Asian nations of China and Korea. China: in 1949 the People’s Republic of China was established by Communists, led by Mao Zedong. Many Americans saw this as a disastrous failure of US foreign policy.

Main Idea 1: The United States fought Communist North Korea in the Korean War. Korea: after World War II, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel with a Soviet-implemented government in North Korea and a U.S.-implemented government in South Korea.

Korean War On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. United Nations called a cease fire North Koreans continued to attack United States and United Nations responded by offering support to South Korea. Douglas MacArthur was command of UN forces.

Korean War http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=2A0E4EF5-A618-46FA-9186-0B0DC1551497&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Korean War UN forces pushed Koreans to Chinese border. China sent support to North Korea. By 1951, UN forces drove North Koreans and Chinese back across the 38th parallel but fighting continued. The unpopularity of Truman’s actions during the war helped Dwight D. Eisenhower win the 1952 presidential election. Korean War officially ended July 27, 1953 with a cease-fire. More than 130,000 Americans had been killed or wounded. Over 2 million Korean and Chinese casualties

Main Idea 2: Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home. Cold War fears led to a new Red Scare in the late 1940s and 1950s. A Congressional committee known as the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was in charge of investigating Communist influence in America. In 1947 HUAC launched hearings to expose supposed Communist influence in movie industry They branded as “red,” or Communist, actors and writers who would not answer questions or refused to reveal names. People suspected of Communist sympathies were often blacklisted, or denied work.

Main Idea 2: Fear of Communists led to a new Red Scare at home. Explosive spy cases also fed fears that Communists were at work in the United States. 1957 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were tried for spying for Soviets. Found guilty and executed 1953

Rise of McCarthy In 1950 Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy charged that Communists were working inside the State Department. Had no concrete proof When charges were challenged, he made up new charges. This method of making aggressive accusations without proof became known as McCarthyism.

Rise of McCarthy In 1954, during televised hearings, he finally went too far. Used brutal tactics and bullied a young legal assistant Public outraged Senate later voted to condemn McCarthy’s actions. Came too late to help those whose careers had already been ruined by his attacks

Main Idea 3: President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world. In 1952 America completed development on hydrogen bomb, a weapon more powerful than the atomic bomb. By 1953 Soviet Union developed its own hydrogen bomb, thus beginning a nuclear arms race, as both rushed to build more weapons.

Main Idea 3: President Eisenhower faced Cold War crises around the world. In October 1957 Soviets launched Sputnik, the first artificial space satellite. In January 1958 the United States launched its own satellite and established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

Cold War Crises Eisenhower supported strategy of brinkmanship, a willingness to go to the brink of war to oppose communism. Used covert, or secret, operations around the world to overthrow leaders and influence politics. 1953– Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) helped overthrow premier of Iran. 1954– CIA helped organize removal of Guatemalan president. Crisis in Egypt briefly brought Americans and Soviets together. After crisis averted, Cold War continued.

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