Los Nombres del Fuego Author: Fernando J.López Publisher: Loqueleo Santillana ISBN 978-84-9122-156-2 Literary Circle in early June Do a summary (long) to help you remember for the literary circle Take notes of aspects that you: Want to discuss Called your attention Prepare questions for your classmates

TESTS 1st Test: 24th April (3A-D) 25th April (3B-C) 2nd Test: 28th May (3B-C) 29th May (3A-D) RETAKE: 4th June (3B-C) 5th June (3A-D)

UNIT 11: The Spanish Empire Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 1 UNIT 11: The Spanish Empire Learning objectives: 1 To find out about the Spanish army in the 16th cent Starter: reading, work with the image and how do we know about the tercios, p.195

Henry VIII John II Catholic Monarchs Francis I Ivan the Terrible Carlos V

The emergence of the Modern State, p.196 15th-16th cent: authoritarian monarchies in Europe Features: Centralised administration: civil servants to serve the monarchs Permanent royal armies (e.g. tercios) Representative assemblies limited by monarchs (e.g. Estates-General, Cortes, Parliament,..) Fixed court (creation of capital towns; e.g. Madrid=capital of the Hispanic Monarchy under Felipe II; later capital of Spain) Diplomatic service created to represent the country abroad Increase of taxes (to pay all the former) ↑ States joined together through conquest or marriages

UNIT 11: The Spanish Empire Y3 GEOGRAPHY Session 2 UNIT 11: The Spanish Empire Learning objectives: 1 To find out about the authoritarian monarchies in Spain Starter: work with the map, p.197

European authoritarian monarchies, p.196 France: Francis I unified the country and consolidated power. Spain: the Catholic Monarchs, then Carlos V unified and extended the country. Portugal: John II reinforced his authority and led overseas expeditions. England: Henry VIII reinforced the kingdom and broke with the Catholic church. Russia: Ivan the Terrible unified the country, reinforced it and took the title of czar. HW: what is weird about Hans Holbein painting? What feature of the authoritarian monarchies does it show?

anamorphosis

The Spanish empire: the inheritance of Carlos V, p.200 Carlos V inherited in 1516: Maternal grandparents: Aragón, Castilla, the possessions overseas and the crown of king of Spain: Carlos I Paternal grandparents: territories in Central Europe, the title of Holy Roman Emperor: Carlos V See Carlos V’s family tree

Resistance to Carlos V Revolt of the Comuneros (1520-21) Castilla Nobles, bourgeoisie, peasants /increased taxes (for wars) /foreign nobles in government Absence of the king Early successes, then repression Find the name of leaders and how they ended

Resistance to Carlos V Revolt of the Brotherhoods (Germanías, 1519-23) Valencia, Mallorca Artisans / nobility Peasants/ /increased taxes Social inequalities, corruption Carlos V supported the nobles Repression of rebels

Resistance to Carlos V Carlos V - reforms in the country: Royal family living in Castilla Castilian nobles in official and military positions Abdication in 1556 Learn more… Martínez de Lezea, La Comunera. María Pacheco, una mujer rebelde. Monasterio de Yuste (Cáceres) + German cemetery

The Hispanic Monarchy of Felipe II Inheritance of Carlos V: Ferdinand (brother): Austrian territories, title of emperor Felipe II (son): largest empire ever Capital: Madrid Inquisition / Reformation supporters Moriscos (after an uprising in Granada) Financial problems

Spanish inner policy: the organization of the empire, p.202 Territorial Councils: Castilla, Aragón, Flanders, Indies, Port, It Cortes: representative assembly, passing laws Felipe II: main ruler, Foreign policy Army taxes Economic Council: Exchequer State Council: imp decisions over the whole empire Viceroy: representative of the king abroad Courts of Justice: Chancillerías, Audiencias, Chief Justice (in different territories)

(merchants, artisans, craftsmen, peasants, servants) Spanish Society Emperor High: dukes, counts, barons (landowners, had positions in gov) Low: hidalgos (Little money, few possessions) Nobility Clergy High: cardinals, bishops Low: friars, monks, priests Common people (merchants, artisans, craftsmen, peasants, servants) Paid taxes Think about it, p.202

Crafstmanship (iron, steel, woollen cloth) Economyp.203 Intensive agric, livestock farming. Crop rotation, transhumance (to export) Trade (precious metals from America, importance of ports (North, South) Price revolution: high taxes, inflation, metals from America-money in circulation-increase of prices Crafstmanship (iron, steel, woollen cloth) Loans and bankruptcies: wealth of Castilla to pay wars abroad (loans requested) Activs. graph #3-4

Spanish foreign policy, p. 204 1 Spanish foreign policy, p.204 1.Objectives: Conservation of all territories 2.Consolidation of Spanish role in Europe 3.Defence of the Catholic faith Rivalry with France (main rival in Europe, 2 victories): Fr occupied Milan ↑ tercios Carlos V ↓ Battle of Pavía (1525)*: the Duchy of Milan became part of the Spanish Monarchy Battle of Saint Quentin* (1557) confirmed Spanish superiority The Turks Permanent threat in the Medit. Attempts to invade Europe failed They expanded to Tunisia and Cyprus ↑ Spain, Venice and the Pope defeated them at the Battle of Lepanto* (1571)

Spanish foreign policy, p.205 Defence of Catholicism /Protestants in the empire German princes supported the Reformation ↓ Victory of Carlos V in Mülhberg (1547) ↓but Regions could choose religion after the Peace of Augsburg (1555) Conflicts in north-west Europe Calvinism in Low Countries ↑ Anti-Protestant policy from Felipe II ↓ Dutch Revolt (1568, not successful, independence in 1648)) Spanish Armada (1588) Read Did you know text Activs. #2

Before the Spanish Armada activ. Model a short comparison of sources and notetaking about it.

Revision for test, p.208 Activs.# 1-2, 5, 8-9, 11