Respiratory Problems Section 10.4 and 10.5

Respiratory Problems Learning Goal: To explore respiratory problems and new technologies that treat these disorders. Success Criteria: I know I am succeeding when I can… describe how asthma, COPD, infectious diseases, cystic fibrosis, and cigarette smoking affect ventilation and gas exchange describe how new techniques such as FLAP inhibitors, bronchial thermoplasty, artificial external lungs and lung transplant have improved the quality of life for people with respiratory disorders

Effects of Smoking on Gas Exchange

Effects of Smoking on Gas Exchange Cont’d… smoking is the single greatest cause of respiratory diseases and preventable deaths in the developed world smoking is known to cause lung cancer, COPD, bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma 3 substances in cigarette smoke cause most of the problems for the respiratory system and the body in general: nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar

Nicotine nicotine is a natural insecticide produced by tobacco plants to kill insect pests stimulates the reward pathways in the brain to produce dopamine and endorphins effect of nicotine lasts only about 40 min, and the need for further positive feelings leads to addiction

Carbon Monoxide carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke affects the ability of the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to the body cells if CO diffuses into blood Hemoglobin has a much greater tendency to bond with carbon monoxide than it does with oxygen and the bond is 200 times stronger

Tar tar is a black, sticky substance made up of hundreds of different chemicals, many of which are toxic and some of which are carcinogenic irritates the linings of the airways, causing swelling and increased mucus production accumulates in the alveoli, effectively preventing any exchange of gases causes the cilia on the cells lining the bronchi to become inactive can trigger asthma attacks and lead to emphysema

Carcinogens cigarette smoke also contains many toxic and likely carcinogenic substances, notably formaldehyde, benzene, and hydrogen cyanide Hemoglobin increases the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen by nearly 70 times! Blue Blood Deoxygenated blood in veins is dark red but it appears blue. This is because only the higher-energy blue wavelengths of the visible spectrum can penetrate through the skin and fat covering the vein. The other lower-energy wavelengths are absorbed. The reflection of the blue wavelengths gives veins their characteristic blue colour.

Carcinogens Cont’d… the carcinogenic chemicals can cause mutations in the genetic material that controls the growth of cells cancer results when the damaged cells grow and reproduce too quickly, and form a tumour cancer cells replace normal cells or interfere with the blood flow to the tissues reduces the area of the respiratory membrane available for gasexchange Hemoglobin increases the blood’s capacity to carry oxygen by nearly 70 times! Blue Blood Deoxygenated blood in veins is dark red but it appears blue. This is because only the higher-energy blue wavelengths of the visible spectrum can penetrate through the skin and fat covering the vein. The other lower-energy wavelengths are absorbed. The reflection of the blue wavelengths gives veins their characteristic blue colour.

Respiratory Problems Learning Goal: To explore respiratory problems and new technologies that treat these disorders. Success Criteria: I know I am succeeding when I can… describe how asthma, COPD, infectious diseases, cystic fibrosis, and cigarette smoking affect ventilation and gas exchange describe how new techniques such as FLAP inhibitors, bronchial thermoplasty, artificial external lungs and lung transplant have improved the quality of life for people with respiratory disorders