Wednesday, Mar 5 th, 2014 Did you know… Chameleons often have tongues longer than their bodies. A worm is both male & the same time (a hermaphrodite.)

Do Now: Mar 5 th 1. Describe one shoreline stabilizer that helps w/ water perpendicular to the shoreline. 2. Describe one shoreline stabilizer that helps w/ water/wind parallel to the shoreline.

Water Pollution Chemical, physical, & biological agents that lower water quality 2 Causes: Industrialization Human pop growth Humans can survive 1 month w/o food but only few days w/o water

Causes Pesticide/fertilizer run-off Waste disposal De-ice roads w/ salt Spills (oil) Coal strip mine runoff Pumping well Waste lagoon Accidental spills Groundwater flow Confined aquifer Discharge Leakage from faulty casing Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides Gasoline station Buried gasoline and solvent tank Sewer Cesspool septic tank De-icing road salt Unconfined freshwater aquifer Confined freshwater aquifer Water pumping well Landfill Fig

Types of Pollution Pollution from single source Direct Factories, sewage treatment plants, spills, etc. Easy to regulate Pollution from many sources Indirect Rainwater surface run-off w/ oil, fertilizer, chem, etc. Difficult to regulate Greater impact Point Pollution Non-Point Pollution

Point & Nonpoint Sources NONPOINT SOURCES Urban streets Suburban development Wastewater treatment plant Rural homes Cropland Factory Animal feedlot POINT SOURCES

Fig Aquifer Water well Migrating vapor phase Contaminant plume moves with the groundwater Free gasoline dissolves in groundwater (dissolved phase) Groundwater flow Water table Gasoline leakage plume (liquid phase) Leaking tank Bedrock

Pollution of Lakes Eutrophication: Organic matter decays & decomposes Accelerated when sewage/fertilizer runoff enter water w/ plant nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen) Decomposition uses oxygen Oxygen levels decr, causing orgs to change

Pollution of Lakes Discharge of untreated municipal sewage (nitrates and phosphates) Nitrogen compounds produced by cars and factories Discharge of treated municipal sewage (primary and secondary treatment: nitrates and phosphates) Discharge of detergents ( phosphates) Natural runoff (nitrates and phosphates Manure runoff From feedlots (nitrates and Phosphates, ammonia) Dissolving of nitrogen oxides (from internal combustion engines and furnaces) Runoff and erosion (from from cultivation, mining, construction, and poor land use) Runoff from streets, lawns, and construction lots (nitrates and phosphates) Lake ecosystem nutrient overload and breakdown of chemical cycling Fig.22.7, p. 499

Harmful Algae Blooms Contaminate water w/ harmful toxins

Thermal Water Pollution Excessive heat added to water by power plants Warm water cannot hold much O2

Salt Water Intrusion Over-pumping groundwater causes underground salt water to rise/contaminate wells Occurs near coasts

Prevention Monitor aquifers Strictly regulate hazardous waste disposal MARPOL: prohibits disposal of oil & plastic in ocean Store hazardous materials above ground

What Can You Do? Water Pollution Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer. Minimize your use of pesticides. Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water. Grow or buy organic foods. Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water. Compost your food wastes. Do not use water fresheners in toilets. Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet. Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground.

Solutions for Water Quality DAMP: Drainage Area Management Plans Street sweeping Public education 1987 Water Quality Act Clean Water Act

Global Outlook: Water Pollution in Developing Countries Central China's rivers Toxic colors due to factory pollution

Global Outlook: Water Pollution in Developing Countries Ganges River, India Religion, traditions, poverty, & large pop cause severe pollution Bathe Drink Religious ceremonies : throw ashes of dead into river