Topic 2 FAQ’s

Cells Most basic unit of life Note: made up of macromolecules/atoms Have subunits called organelles which perform specific functions

Cell Membrane Defines cell Made up of lipid bilayer Hydrophillic head Hydrophobic tail

Pro vs. Eu Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus Simple No membrane bound organelles Ex: bacteria Membrane bound nuclues Complex Membrane bound organelles Animals, plants

Ribosomes Make proteins for the cell Made up of RNA and proteins Found in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Cytosol/cytoplasm Jelly-like substance in cell Helps with transport/cell shape

ER/Golgi Bodies Both involved in protein synthesis/modification Ribosomes attached to Rough ER make protein ER modifies them as they move through channels Transferred from ER to Golgi through vesicles Golgi finishes modification/ships them to where they are needed in cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Series of tunnels that helps modify proteins Rough ER-has ribosomes attached Smooth ER-does not

Golgi Complex Finishes modifying proteins/ships them to where they need to go In order to ship them, proteins take piece of membrane Travel in vesicles

Vesicles/Vacuoles Help transport materials/storage Proteins Nutrients Other cellular materials

Lysosomes/lytic vacuoles Contain enzymes that break down/recycle cellular materials

Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell Breaks down sugar to release energy (cellular respiration

Chloroplasts NOT in animal cells-only plants and some protists Photosynthesis-takes in light energy, stores it as chemical energy in sugars

Filaments Part of the cytoskeleton-provide structure for the cell

Centrioles Help with cell division-help pull chromosomes apart

Plant vs. Animal Plant Animal Cell wall Chloroplasts No lysosome/centriole No cell wall No chloroplasts Lysosome/centriole