Volume 126, Pages S152-S158 (January 2004) Protocol- and therapist-related variables affecting outcomes of behavioral interventions for urinary and fecal incontinence  Jeannette Tries  Gastroenterology  Volume 126, Pages S152-S158 (January 2004) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.039

Figure 1 Diagram of a modified manometric protocol that substitutes surface abdominal EMG electrodes for rectal pressure to measure extraneous abdominal contraction. The figure also shows an intravaginal EMG probe positioned above the urogenital diaphragm (arrows). A catheter shown in the bladder records changes in bladder pressure and transmission of intra-abdominal pressure to the bladder from contracting abdominal muscles. (Adapted with permission.38) Gastroenterology 2004 126, S152-S158DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2003.10.039)