Rocks(MT 3) Rocks and Minerals LT 1

Why do we study Rocks?? On your paper, write down why you think we study rocks?

Why do we study Rocks?? We study Rocks because…

What are the building blocks of Rocks??

What is a Rock? Any solid mass of mineral or mineral-like matter that occurs naturally on Earth In other words clumps of minerals and other solid matter that are found naturally on Earth (not man made)

What are the building blocks of Rocks?? Minerals!!

What is a Mineral & how do they look? Combinations of elements or molecules held together in crystal shapes and structures. What is a crystal shape or structure? Atoms or ions are arranged in an orderly or repetitive manner

Examples of Crystal Structures NaCl Silica

Which common elements form Minerals? Most minerals are made of the following types of elements oxygen, silicon, iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium. What is a Native Mineral? Minerals composed of only 1 type of element Examples: Gold & Diamonds

What is the Process of Forming a Mineral? Atom Element 1. Atom 2. Atoms combine to form Elements 3. Different elements or many of the same elements form a Mineral Mineral

How big are the crystals in a mineral? It all depends on their cooling rate! Small Crystals Magma cools fast Large Crystals Magma cools slow Heavy Crystals Sink deep under the surface of the Earth Light weight Crystals Found closer to the surface of the Earth

How can we identify minerals? The following characteristics help identify minerals Shape Luster – how shiny or dull it is

How can we identify minerals? The following characteristics help identify minerals Color Streak – test a piece of mineral on porcelain, if a color is left behind, it indicates the type of mineral it is

How can we identify minerals? The following characteristics help identify minerals Hardness – test to see if it can be scratched (called Mohs Scale of Hardness) Breakage Cleavage - breaks smooth when cracked Fracture - breaks jagged when cracked

How can we identify minerals? The following characteristics help identify minerals Density - how tightly packed the molecules of the mineral are arranged by using a microscope Rare characteristics -taste, study if it’s magnetic or not, acid solubility tests, etc.

Review: What is a Rock? A solid mixture of minerals

What are the different types of rocks? Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

How can we differentiate between the 3 types of Rocks? Differences are a result of how Each type FORMS!

But first, What provides the energy to create the rocks??

What provides the ENERGY for the Rock Cycle? Earth’s Interior – Internal Heat Metamorphic Rock Igneous Rock Sun & Surface Processes Sedimentary Rocks Earth’s Interior Sun

What is an Igneous Rock? A rock that is formed from magma or lava (molten rock) that has cooled and solidified Quick Vocab Lava – molten rock above Earth’s Surface Magma – molten rock beneath Earth’s surface Video: 45s – 3:20

What are the 2 types of Igneous Rock? Intrusive form inside Earth’s surface Cool Slowly Large Crystals Coarse Grained (rough) Extrusive Form outside Earth’s surface Cool quickly Small Crystals Fine grained (smooth)

What are examples of Igneous Rocks? Intrusive Igneous Rock: Granite Extrusive Igneous Rock: Basalt

What is a Sedimentary Rock? Rock that is formed from the following processes: Weather on the Earth’s surface gradually breaks rock into pieces called Sediments Through Erosion, sediments are carried to oceans, lakes, and rivers, where they are buried or deposited

What is a Sedimentary Rock? Sediments are then either compacted or cemented together compaction: sediments ‘stick’ together from pressure of upper layers of Earth cementation: pressure and water ‘cement’ layers of sediment together

What is a Sedimentary Rock?

What are examples of Sedimentary Rocks? Limestone Sandstone

What is a Metamorphic Rock? Rock that is formed from when it is exposed to high heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface

What are the 2 types of Metamorphic Rock? Foliated – have visible lines Non-foliated – no visible lines Foliated Non-foliated

What is the Rock Cycle? Continual processes that causes rocks to change from one type to another Rocks move and change due to interactions among water, air, and land on Earth As they do this, they spread minerals and solids over the Earth’s crust

Task: Explain how each rock moves between each stage… Task: Explain how each rock moves between each stage…. (explain the arrows.) Magma Igneous Rock Sediments Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock