Classification of Matter Chapter 2 Section 2.3

Substance A sample of matter having a constant (uniform or definite) composition. It can be either an element or a compound. There are two types of substance; elements and compounds

Substances Elements – a substance that contains only one type of atom. Cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Examples: hydrogen, carbon, silver Compounds – a substance that is composed of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. Examples: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia

Mixtures Mixtures – two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically combined. Have the same chemical and physical properties as their individual components Can be separated by physical methods

Types of Mixtures Homogeneous – a type of mixture that is completely uniform (constant) in composition. Also known as solutions. Heterogeneous – Examples: Iced tea, coffee, vanilla ice cream

Types of Mixtures Homogeneous – Heterogeneous – a type of mixture that is NOT uniform (constant) in composition. If two samples are taken from the mixture, they will have different compositions. Examples: Tossed salad, Chex mix, chocolate chip ice cream

Matter Substance – a sample Mixture – two or more of matter having a constant (uniform or definite) composition. It can be either an element or a compound. Mixture – two or more substances that are physically combined. The mixture still has the properties of its components. Element – contains only one type of atom Compound – contains two or more elements that are bonded together Homogeneous – constant (uniform) composition. Solution. Heterogeneous – not evenly distributed. Different substances scattered throughout.

Separation Techniques Filtration – used to separate solids from liquids, or solids from other solids.

Separation Techniques Distillation – used to separate two or more liquids taking advantage of differences in boiling points.

Separation Techniques Chromatography – used to separate substances with different masses that dissolve in a common solvent.

Separation Techniques Electrolysis – used to break compounds apart into elements, or to separate ions using electrical charge.

Nuts & Bolts Exercise