3 Future Time Clauses Dreams for the Future Focus on Grammar 3 Part I, Unit 7 By Ruth Luman, Gabriele Steiner, and BJ Wells Copyright © 2006. Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Future Dreams 1 I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up.

Future Dreams 2 Before we have a baby, we’ll buy a bigger house.

Future Dreams 3 I won’t quit my job until I win the lottery.

After we retire, we’re going to travel. Future Dreams 4 After we retire, we’re going to travel.

Form A complex sentence about future time has two clauses: a main clause and a time clause. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Main Clause Time Clause

Main Clause The verb in the main clause is often in the future. TIME CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE after we retire. until he wins the lottery. before we have a baby. travel are going to We his job quit won’t He a house buy Other information Verb (base form) Will or be + going to Subject will

Time Clause The verb in the time clause is often in the present. MAIN CLAUSE we are going to travel. he won’t quit his job. we will buy a house. retire we After the lottery wins he Until a baby have Before Other information Verb ( present) Subject Time word

Be Careful! X Don’t use will or be going to in the future time clause. When I save enough money, I’m going to buy a car. When I save enough money, I’m going to buy a car. X will

Use a comma only when the time clause Clause Order 1 Time clauses can come at the beginning or end of sentences. I’m going to be an astronaut when I grow up. Time Clause Before we have a baby we’ll buy a bigger house. , Time Clause Use a comma only when the time clause begins the sentence.

Clause Order 2 , When she finishes school she’ll join the Peace Corps. I won’t get married until I meet the right person. As soon as they graduate they’ll look for a job. Time Clause (present) Main Clause (future) Main Clause (future) Time Clause (present) , Time Clause (present) Main Clause (future)

Introduce the first event Time Expressions 1 when after not . . . until as soon as Introduce the first event When they save money, they’ll buy a new car. past now future

Practice 1 Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school. Put the verbs in the correct tense. Add commas where necessary. Example: After he (graduate) ___ he (go) ___ to law school. After he graduates, he’ll go to law school. 1. They (own) __ a house by the time they (be) ___ married. They will own a house by the time they are married. 2. She (not/start) __ her own business until she (get) ___ more experience. She won’t start her own business until she gets more experience. 3. As soon as he (become) __ manager he (take) __ a vacation. As soon as he becomes manager, he’s going to take a vacation.

Introduce the second event Time Expressions 2 before until by the time Introduce the second event Before he gets married, he’ll find a good job. past now future

Practice 2 Example: A. The children will go to college. Combine the sentences using the time word provided. In each pair, A is the first event. Example: A. The children will go to college. B. She will go back to school. [as soon as] As soon as the children go to college, she’ll go back to school. 1. A. You will finish your exams. B. We will (not) celebrate. [until] We won’t celebrate until you finish your exams. 2. A. My brother will buy a new suit. B. He will go on an interview. [before] My brother will buy a new suit before he goes on an interview. 3. A. She will pass the driving test. B. She will borrow the family car. [after] After she passes the driving test, she will borrow the family car.

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