As a Responsible Country in the World (2001- )

Reshaping Chinese Diplomatic Strategy external context Continuing changes in the post-cold war period NATO expansion and strengthening of US-Japan alliance emergence of new interventionism ( Kosovo, Iraq) ups and downs in Sino-US relations increasing of unilateralism, power politics, and hegemonism recession of global economy

Internal context economic booming and remarkable social changes an increasing need for a peaceful and stable environment for domestic development the largest foreign currency holder, the second largest economies, the third largest foreign trade country Politically big country, one of the p-5 at UN, a nuclear country

the idea of “harmonious world” 1 conceptual basis for the new idea Chinese ancient philosophy, the idea of “the same but the different” (he er bu tong). rethinking capitalism, which keeps developing instead of dying peaceful co-existence and competition of socialism and capitalism for a long time evolution from world revolution to the construction of harmonious world 1950s: allying with the USSR and involving with the Korean War 1960s: opposing imperialism, revisionism and reactionaries and involving with Vietnam War 1970s: still believing it is an age of imperialism and proletarianism opposing one another d) 1980s: war being avoidable, peace and development as two major themes of the time e) 1990s: favouring multilateralism and multipolar world f) 2000s: putting forward the idea of constructing a harmonious world

2 what is a harmonious world not an utopian world , nor a world without arms, armies or wars; a world of diversity with co-existence of nations with different social systems; mutual respects of distant cultures and civilizations; a world in which peace is kept through cooperation and dialogue, and (non)traditional security issues are coped with collectively, so as to avoid possible conflict and war

4) a world of gradually narrowing gaps between the rich and the poor with unfolding globalisation toward the direction of equality, justice, common benefits and common wealth. One argument goes that a world of harmony should be based on the construction of harmony on both national and regional levels.

Idea of “harmonious world” Politically mutual respect and consultation Economically mutual improvement and common development Culturally mutual learning and common prosperity In security mutual trust and common maintainance

The idea of diplomacy for people Conventional idea of diplomacy for nation-state: diplomacy is in service of national strategy and development, it is about politics New idea of taking people as the foremost: diplomacy facing people in general, in service of (overseas) Chinese people dealing with emergent events, emergency withdrawing, assisting relatives seeking, assisting law suits overseas)

The idea of good neighborhood building friendship and partnership with neighboring countries to ensure regional peace and stability so as to create a favorable environment for regional development befriending neighbors, securing neighbors, and enriching neighbors (mu lin, an lin, fu lin)

Three policy papers in Chinese diplomacy China’s European Union Policy Paper (2003) China’s African Policy Paper (2006) China’s Policy Paper on Latin America and the Caribbean（2008）

Opportunities and challenges entering the WTO obtaining an identity as a WTO member improving domestic law, rules and regulations related to trade participating in multilateral talks on global economy and trade boosting Chinese economic growth, “bringing in “ and “walking out” strategy

2 global war on terror joining the global war and having less external pressures on domestic economic development adopting economic diplomacy making use of positive aspects of the global war on terror

Challenges short term appreciation of currency trade protectionism increasing trade frictions long term excessive relying on foreign trade shrinkage of global general demand weakening engine of fueling economic growth