CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON SDG FROM A GENDER LENS Reflecting on targets and indicators of SDG 5: Achieve Gender Equality and Empower all Women and Girls Ranjani K.Murthy, 2018 CAPACITY BUILDING TRAINING ON SDG FROM A GENDER LENS Women 2030, Ekta and HRF

SDG 5 Achieve Gender Equality and Empower All Women: Global and National End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life

SDG 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences 5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws 5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women 5.c. Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

Critique of SDG 5 Gender targets within SDG 5 are better than those in MDG 3. The only target pertaining to Goal 3 on GEWE was restricted to eliminating gender disparity in education, with an assumption that parity in education would help attain equality in parliament and gender parity in non-agriculture work. Nevertheless there are limitations of SDG 5 as it is set in larger neo liberal paradigm of development, inequalities between and within countries, does not seek to transform religious institutions or traditional councils, treats women as a homogenous groups, does not refer to issues of people of diverse sexual orientation and gender identity, does not deal with attitudinal change, or promote work with men and boys on gender concerns.

But Ending discrimination is not only about legal framework Indicators vis a vis SDG 5 targets – Global and National….. Discrimination Target Global indicator National indicator 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non‑discrimination on the basis of sex Same as global But Ending discrimination is not only about legal framework

VAWG Target Global Indicator National indicators 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation 5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age 5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence -Proportion of crime against women to total crime reported in the country during the calendar year -Proportion of sexual crimes against women to total crime against women during the calendar year -Proportion of cruelty/ physical violencce on women by husband or his relative to total crime against women during the calendar year -Proportion on rape of women by persons known to them, inter-alia, live-in partner or separated husband or ex-husband to total rape of women during the calendar year -Proportion of sexual crime against girls children to total crime against children during the calendar year -Proportion of Trafficking of girl children to total children trafficked during the calendar year -Percentage of currently partnered girls and women aged 15-49 years who have experience physical and / or sexual violence by their current intimate partner in the last 12 months -Child Sex Ratio

No mention of honour killing, forced marriages, moral policing etc Harmful practices Target Global Indicator National Indicator 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation 5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18 5.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age Proportion of women subjected to dowry related offences to total crime against women Proportion of cases reported under the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (early marriage of children below 18 years of age) total crime against children. Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 18 No mention of honour killing, forced marriages, moral policing etc

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Global Indicator National indicator 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and Location Same as global Basic income to women from state for unpaid work? Recongnise and valu Leadership??? Representaiton. Take up strategic gendr issues

Leadership Target Global Indicator National Indicator 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local Governments 5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament, State legislation and Local SelF Government Number of women in Board of listed companies Representation is not participation or decision making, religious, cooperatives, producer company

SRHR Target Global Indicator National Indicator 5.6 Ensure universal access to SRHR as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review Conferences 5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care 5.6.2 Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee women aged 15- 49 years access to SRH care, information and education Contraceptive Prevalence Rate Unmet need for family planning for currently married women aged 15-49 years Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV / AIDS

Economic resources 5.a Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws 5.a.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure 5.a.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control Operational land holdings - gender wise Proportion of female agricultural labourers Wages of casual labourers (gender wise) Agricultural wages (gender wise) Number of accounts opened under PMJDY Amount of Over Draft (OD) availed from PMJDY accounts by women

Technology and policies Target Global Indicators National indicators 5.b Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women 5.b.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex Same as global 5.c Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of GEWE 5.c.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment Number of Gender Budget Cells in Central and State Ministries

Critique A good draft by Indian government with stakeholders Goes beyond 15+ to girl children But Inter-sectionalities/broader inequalities are not taken into account Some indicators not adequate to measure target Incidence and reporting are collapsed in some indicators Some indicators are not comprehensive in the Indian context Data availability

SDG monitoring – a gender lens

SDG 5 quantitative monitoring Example from Tamil Nadu Nature of violence and discrimination Performance   2015-16 Rate of past improvement Comment on whether the state is likely to achieve target of elimination by 2030 Child sex ratio % operational holdings held by women 942 (2001) 18.6 (2005-6) 943 (2011) 19,2 (2010-11) Women age 20 24 years married before age 18 years (%)   21.5 (2005-6) 15.7 (2015-16) Female method of modern contraception to total (%) 3.83% 1.52% Births delivered by caesarean (%) 20.3% 34.1% Married women experienced spousal violence (%) 41.9% 40.6%

Participatory monitoring Caste and gender discrimination mapping

Violence mapping

24 hour clock http://www.agriculturesnetwork.org/resources/learning/mod5-online/edu-res/r1/r1.1

Gender and decision making matrix

Gender and diveristy aware social map

Body mapping/pictures

Gender and diversity aware resource mapping (TN)

Gender based control over resources (Overholt et al 1985)

What we can do? Negotiate nationally for better gender equality indicators (SDG 5 and others) Monitor nationally, provincially and district wise progress on SDG 5 and other gender indicators Facilitate monitoring by marginalised women/groups Advocate what could contribute to SDG 5