IMPACT OF IMMIGRANT/REFUGEE STATUS AND RELIGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS

I. RELIGION** A. Buddhism 1. Buddha-Indian prince 2. Reincarnation—repeated cycle of being born into the world till Nirvana is achieved 3. Karma—you get what you give out (even from a previous life)

B. Islam—Characteristics, Beliefs

Basic Facts** 1. Their god is Allah 2. Mohammed is the prophet and founder of Islam 3. Koran—sacred book

Islam is a rapidly-growing religion:** After Christianity, it is the 2nd largest religion in the world (please know this for test 1)

Pew Research Center, 2019** (not on test)

Pew Research Center: (not on test)** Muslims now account for 9% of the U.S. adult population (up from 4% in 2007)

How Islam is practiced depends heavily on the country E.g., Iraq and Saudia Arabia have many more restrictions for women than Pakistan Look at modern vs. conservative

For example, Dubai is very diverse and modern

Saudi Arabia Egypt

Generally… Father-authority figure May be arranged marriages

Example of modesty for women—clothes should:** Cover the whole head and body except the face and hands Not “attract a man’s attention to a woman’s beauty” Be thick enough to conceal the color of the skin Loose enough to conceal the woman’s body Not resemble men’s clothing

II. RELIGION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SLPS Be careful with eye contact, physical contact with male clients or fathers of ch Dress conservatively Family may believe that intervention is inappropriate (will of Allah, reincarnation in Buddhism)

Remember that some groups experience discrimination and persecution:** Thoraia Ali: Biracial Yemeni and Mexican She was so bullied in school that her mom pulled her out and homeschooled her

III. IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES: INTRODUCTION— Center for Immigration Studies** (not on test) The nation's immigrant population (documented and undocumented) hit a record high of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year — an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014.

The United States adds a new immigrant approximately every 31 seconds. **

The U. S. Census Bureau has projected that in 2030, 43% of U. S The U.S. Census Bureau has projected that in 2030, 43% of U.S. citizens will be non-Anglo and from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. **

IV. IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES: CONCERNS AND CHALLENGES Family tensions Poverty Adjustment to U.S. schools

Sacramento Bee: They may have a type of PTSD called “Ulysses Syndrome,” where they feel that they have no home at all

Time Magazine: Those in refugee camps have limited access to prenatal care World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 8 checkups during a pregnancy Many refugees only get medical care on the day of delivery

Research shows: Systems barriers: families from developing countries don’t understand early intervention In some countries, millions of ch die before age 5; expectations for healthy development may be low

Families may be from refugee camps where “basics” weren’t available Bizarre: in U.S., we think there is a solution to disabilities in young ch

Other research:** Estimated: in developing countries, 1-3% of Ch with disabilities are enrolled in school Philippines: only 1.3% of school-aged ch with disabilities enrolled in schools; Ethiopia—↓ 1%

My own research:** Studied 376 immigrants from 82 different countries around the world Found that 51% of the immigrants stated that learning and communicating in English was their greatest challenge .

Other problems cited by subjects: loneliness/missing friends back home Poverty Discrimination Americans’ busy and fast-paced lifestyles

A number of immigrants said… Americans are cold and have a big “space bubble”

Many interviewees said: Transportation very difficult; here, car is a must Many took public transportation in their countries

We always took public transportation in the Philippines

When asked about persons with disabilities: Over half (56.6%) said in home countries, lack of awareness Often, disabilities viewed as stigma or disgrace

When asked about SLPs and our services:** 85% said that in their countries, there was a lack of awareness about SLPs and their services. Most of the 15% who were aware were from Canada and Europe

Sabina Dhakal: From Nepal—Hindu Disabilities are taboo—most ch with disabilities don’t go to school

Youtube video—2 minutes (not on exam) Is This The Most Dangerous School Run In The World?