Presented by Puran Bridgemohan E-mail: puran.bridgemohan@utt.edu.tt AN UNDER EXPLOITED CROP IN THE CARIBBEAN Biosciences, Agriculture and Food Technology The University of Trinidad and Tobago Point Lisas, Campus, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies; Presented by Puran Bridgemohan E-mail: puran.bridgemohan@utt.edu.tt

Common names Assam- Sojina. Punjabi- Surajana. Tamil- Murungai Maram Hindi- sahjan. Malayalam- Muringa,. Telugu- Munagachettu. Gujarati- Saragvo. . Bengali- ojne danta. Guyana- Sijan . Haiti- enzolive / benzolivier Nicaragua, - Marango.

Puran Bridgemohan [2008] Variable Value Days to germination 5 Days from planting to pod 180 to 200 days Nos. of flowering flushes/ year 10 to 15 Nos. of flower per cluster 21 Nos. of flower cluster per tree 25 to 36 Nos. of fertilized pod/ cluster 2 to 4 Nos. new pod/tree/mth 24 to 27 Length of flowering to pod harvest 45 days Nos. of pod harvest per year 9 to 10 Spacing - 2m x 2m 4 m2 Plant density 2,500 pl.ha-1 Yield per tree 750 pod.tree-1 Nos. seeds per pod 20 seed.pod-1 Weight per seed 0.35g Seed yield per tree/yr 5.25 kg.tree-1 Seed yield per ha/yr 13.12 t.ha-1 Fresh Seed yield per ha/yr [ 38.4% CP] 5.03 t.ha-1 Oil cake yield per ha/yr [58.9% CP] 7.72 t.ha-1 Crop economic life 10 to 12 years Puran Bridgemohan [2008]

The Miracle Tree The Blessed Moringa Bhakti Satalkar 1/9/2012 Moringa is rich in Vitamin A or beta-carotene 4X carrots. rich source of Vitamin C. 7 X oranges. 4 X more calcium than milk. 2X the protein present in milk. 7X more potassium than bananas. Rich potassium, zinc is also found in large quantities in moringa.

The Miracle Tree The Blessed Moringa Bhakti Satalkar 1/9/2012 3X more iron than spinach. helps in balancing the cholesterol levels in the body. All Essential amino acids balance sugar levels, against diabetes. prescribed for AIDS afflicted patients in Africa, stimulate metabolism. digestive powers.

The Miracle Tree The Blessed Moringa Bhakti Satalkar 1/9/2012 nutrition booster non-sugar based energy, help in the weight loss process. The cell structure of the body is stimulated by the moringa leaves. lactating mothers dramatic increase in the quantity of breast milk. anti-bacterial properties. beautify the skin and is hence applied by women regularly. It protects the liver and kidneys. It can also be used as a water purifier.

‘Drumstick Vegetable’ - Moringa Oleifera Lam Multipurpose tree Native to the sub-Himalayan 150 yrs in Caribbean Semi-arid and humid pH [5 to 9], Marginal soils

Uses Forage crop Biomass production Industrial - pulp and paper Traditional medicine Oil-seed crop Substitute for sperm whale oil & jojoba

Uses Protein, iron, and potassium leaves spinach ,soups and sauces. Siddha medicine. seeds [38–40%] edible oil (benoil). refined oil -resists rancidity seed cake - fertilizer / flocculent

Culinary

Drum-stick vegetable curry. Asian Restaurant

Snap Bean – UK Market

Snap Bean – Local Market

Leaf – vegetable protein Substance Leaves Crude protein 26.4 Lipid ND Ash 8.87 Neutral detergent fibre 1.51 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 19.35

Flower - vegetable protein gourmet

Chemical composition of Moringa oleifera parts (% dry matter) Substance Leaves kernels Fat free kernel meal Crude protein 26.4 36.7 61.4 Lipid ND 41.7 Ash 8.87 3.8 5.65 Neutral detergent fibre 1.51 4.8 8.2 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 19.35 26.7 19.4 Source: Makkar and Becker 1997c.

Moringa seeds

Bio-energy and Protein value

Seed – chick-pea type Substance kernels Crude protein 36.7 Lipid 41.7 Ash 3.8 Neutral detergent fibre 4.8 Gross energy (MJ/kg) 26.7

Seed Nutritive Value 35–40% oil 60% protein, [ 40% > soy meal] 18 / 20 amino acids 8 essential amino acids.

Aromatherapy & Nuetracueticals

Root – medicinal

Root – culinary

EVMO

Hot Water Extraction

Seed preparation before oil extraction

Oil Extraction Hydraulic press used for sugar cane [2500psi]

Oil cake and virgin oil extraction Equipment

New product development

Moringa Oil Cake

Animal Feed

Bio-fuel

Moringa Oliefera and its potential as a high protein supplement for animals.