Cell Structure - Organelles Doing Life’s Work 2009-2010

Cell Structure Objective: Compare and contrast general structures in plant and animal cells. EQ: How are the characteristics of life manifested in cells?

Why study cells? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Bodies bodies are made up of cells cells do all the work of life (most basic unit)

Our organelles do all those jobs! Cell Summary Cells have 3 main jobs: make energy Need food + O2 cellular respiration & photosynthesis need to remove wastes make proteins need instructions from DNA make more cells need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells All made possible with the help of organelles! Our organelles do all those jobs!

Preform specialized functions inside the cell Organelles

Nucleus Structure Function Found in plant and animal Round membrane, center of cell Function control center of cell Store/protect DNA Found in plant and animal

Nuclear Envelope Structure: Function: Found in plant and animal lipid bilayer Function: Surrounds genetic material and nucleolus Found in plant and animal

Nucleolus Structure: Function: Found in plant Inside nucleus Surrounded by membrane Function: Produce ribosome Found in plant and animal

Cytoplasm Structure: Function Found in plant and animal jelly-like fluid Function Holds organelles in place Helps to transport materials Found in plant and animal

Cilia and Flagella Structure: Function: Animal cells C- little hairs F- little tails Function: Movement of the cell Animal cells

Cell membrane Structure Function Both plant and animal phospholipid bilayer Function separates cell from outside controls what enters or leaves cell recognizes signals from other cells allows communication between cells Both plant and animal

Cell Wall Structure: Function: Plant cells Rigid layer around the cell membrane Made of cellulose Function: Provides support and Protection Plant cells

Chromatin Structure: Function: Thin spaghetti of DNA Forms chromosomes in the nucleus Both plant and animal

Chromosomes Structure: Function: Both plant and animal Sister chromatids (X) Function: Distribute DNA during cell division Both plant and animal

Ribosomes Structure Function some free in cytoplasm some attached to ER Function Form/build proteins both plant and animal Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough ER Structure: Thin folded membranes with ribosomes attached Function: produce proteins to send to G.B. Smooth ER Structure: thin folded membranes, No ribosomes Function: makes lipids both plant and animal

Chloroplasts Structure: Function: Plant cells Stacks of disc-shaped sacs Inner and outer membranes Function: Carry out photosynthesis Which Helps to grow plant Plant cells

Lysosomes Animal cells Structure sac of digestive enzymes Function digest food clean up & recycle Animal cells lysosomes

Vacuoles Structure: Function: food vacuole Vacuoles Structure: Membrane Sac Function: Storage of nutrients, water, waste Both plant (one large) and animal (small) food vacuole

Mitochondria “power house” Structure: Bean shaped; Double Membrane Function Supply energy to the cell Both plant and animal

Golgi Apparatus Structure Function membrane sacs Process, sort, package & delivers proteins like UPS headquarters shipping & receiving department ships proteins in vesicles “UPS trucks” Both plant and animal vesicles carrying proteins transport vesicles

Microtubules/ filaments Structure: Tube shaped Function: Responsible for cell structure and movement of organelles Both plant and animal

Cytoskeleton Microtubules and microfilaments Function: Structure: Microtubules and microfilaments Function: Shape and structure of the cell Both plant and animal

How does the nucleus communicate with ribosomes? With a cell phone

Check for Understanding- answer the following in a QKA style

Check for Understanding- QKA If a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?   The cell would produce more proteins than it needs. The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm. The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.

Cell Factory Analogy C- level 2 voice with your partner H- use notes, textbook, and partner, raise your hand for Ms Beck A- complete the analogy of cell organelles and a factory M- remain in your assigned seat P- working with your partner, complete your chart and paste on the LEFT side SUCCESS

Exit ticket

Exit A scientists is looking at an unknown organism under a microscope to determine if the organism should be classified as a plant or animal. The scientist can identify a nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and numerous ribosomes. Which of the following statements correctly pairs the organelle with the type of cell? A. a cell wall indicates it must be a plant cell B. ribosomes indicate that it must be a plant cell C. a mitochondrion indicates it must be an animal cell D. a cell membrane indicates it must be an animal cell

Exit Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells? a) Cell 2 had a cell membrane and Cell 1 did not. b) Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not. c) Cell 2 had a chloroplast and Cell 1 did not. d) Cell 1 had a nucleus and Cell 2 did not

Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes? endoplasmic reticulum cell membrane cell wall nucleus

Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? A. ribosome – store genetic info B. mitochondrion - movement C. vacuole - cell division D. nucleus – control center