Korean Case – Analysis and Insights Technology Barometer 2014 Korean Case – Analysis and Insights 26 May, 2014 Heejong Kang (kanghj@stepi.re.kr) Science and Technology Policy Institute(STEPI)

Contents Ⅰ. Overview of Korean case Ⅱ. Information Society Ⅲ. Knowledge Society Ⅳ. Knowledge Value Society Ⅴ. Society based on Sustainable Development Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights

Ⅰ. Overview of Korean case Sustainable Develop. Society (Continuation) Information Society (Acquisition) Knowledge-Value Society (Valuation) Knowledge Society (Creation) Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅱ. Information Society Basic education and schooling 4. Young people’s reading literacy skills 5. Young people’s mathematical skills Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅱ. Information Society General education and competence 8. The share of educational expenditure Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅱ. Information Society Investment in R&D 19. Private companies’ R&D expenditure 20. Public R&D expenditure Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

< State examination revival scene in Chosun Dynasty > Ⅱ. Information Society (Acquisition of Knowledge) Passion for Education of Korean < State examination revival scene in Chosun Dynasty > Period Share of passer as commoner(%) 1392~1400 40.4 1401~1418 50.0 1494~1506 20.0 1567~1608 16.7 1674~1720 30.0 1776~1800 53.0 1863~1907 58.0 Source : Han, Yong-u(2013~2014), Civil service examination system, the ladder of success < Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by source of fund (2010)> Korea USA Finland UK France Japan OECD Average Public 4.8 5.1 6.4 5.9 5.8 3.6 5.4 Private 2.8 2.2 0.1 0.6 0.5 1.5 0.9 Total 7.6 7.3 6.5 6.3 Source : OECD(2013), Education at a Glance

Ⅲ. Knowledge Society Techno-scientific competence 11. People with higher education … 15. The share of women among resear… Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅲ. Knowledge Society Use of ICT 25. Private households with Internet … 26. Internet utilisation rate among … Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅲ. Knowledge Society Understanding of knowledge, knowledge management 47. Exports from high technology sectors Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

< Creation of Hangeul (Korean Character) > Ⅲ. Knowledge Society (Creation of Knowledge) Creativity of Korean < Creation of Hangeul (Korean Character) > Source :http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34euyPcXldA

Ⅳ. Knowledge value Society Application of new knowledge Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅳ. Knowledge value Society Entrepreneurship and economic regeneration 50. Entrepreneurial activity 53. The share of real enterprise births … Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅳ. Knowledge value Society Networking and openness to international activities 57. The share of outbound direct … 58. The share of inbound direct … Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

(scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen) Ⅳ. Knowledge value Society (Valuation of Knowledge) Engineering avoidance of Korean < The traditional four classes of Korean society during the Chosun Dynasty > (scholars, farmers, artisans and tradesmen) Scholars S S F T A A Past T F Present Farmers Artisans Tradesmen Source : http://blog.joins.com/media

Ⅴ. Society based on Sustainable Development Sustainable society 63. Life expectancy for men 70. The employment rate Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅴ. Society based on Sustainable Development Environmental management 82. The investment in environmental … 84. Volume of greenhouse gas … Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

Ⅴ. Society based on Sustainable Development State of the environment 93. The share of threatened mammal … 95. The share of natural conservation areas Source : TEK, Technology Barometer(2014)

< A commemorative photograph after poaching of tiger > Ⅴ. Sustainable Development (Continuation of Knowledge) Connivance of Korean < A commemorative photograph after poaching of tiger > < Number of poaching of tigers and leopards in Korea (1919~1924) > 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 Total Tiger 3 5 20 15 12 10 65 Leopard 18 46 60 74 91 96 385 Source : Chosun monthly(1926)

Past R&D strategy of Korean government Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights How did Korea get competitiveness in knowledge management? (at patent, scientific article and high-tech product fields) Past R&D strategy of Korean government Selection and Concentration Catch up Performance-Oriented Government-Initiated

Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights < Trend of R&D expenditure and the ratio of R&D in GDP (1976~2012) > Source : NTIS(2014)

< Trend of number of institutions (1995~2012) > Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights < Trend of number of institutions (1995~2012) > Source : NTIS(2014)

R&D strategy of Korean government Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights R&D strategy of Korean government Source : http://www.innopolis.or.kr/

< Number of Companies (Manufacturing) > Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights What is the key problems in Korea? < Number of Companies (Manufacturing) > Source : KBIZ SME Status Indicators(2013)

< R&D Expenditure > Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights < R&D Expenditure > Source : MSIP, 2012 Survey of Research and Development in Korea(2013)

< Number of Patents (application) > Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights < Number of Patents (application) > (Number of Applications) (%) Large Company S&M Company Large(%) S&M(%) Source : KIPO, The Patent trend of Korea(2013)

Import Ratio of Core Parts : 50% Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights < Number of Papers & World Ranking> Import Ratio of Core Parts : 50% - Automobile, Semiconductor, Shipbuilding - < Number of Hidden Champions> Korea Germany USA Japan Number of Hidden Champions 25 1,300 300 100 Source : 12th STEPI International symposium(2014)

Selection and Concentration Sustainable Development Ⅵ. Analysis and Insights What does Korea have to do for next? Next R&D strategy Strengthen Selection and Concentration Enhance R&D mngt capability Look for new growth engine Return the profit Prepare Post Catch-up Era Enhance basic science capability Establish creative eco-system Promote Private-initiated R&D Promote Balanced Development Large and SM Region Gender Consider Sustainable Development Polarization Environment Aging

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