REFORM-CIVIL WAR Unit 2 Review

REFORM MOVEMENTS-DRIVEN BY SECOND GREAT AWAKENING. Right vs. Wrong Second Great Awakening has people questioning ethics and morality. Leads to all other reform movements of the early 1800’s that start questioning the status-quo (original societal standard). Public School Reform is led by Horace Mann. Abolitionist Movement- These people wanted to ban the institution of slavery. William Lloyd Garrison, the Grimke Sisters, John Brown, and Nat Turner as exemplified in his Rebellion. Temperance Movement fighting for prohibition laws. Wanted to outlaw the sale and consumption of alcohol. The movement was often supported by women as women experienced the consequences of drunk husbands often. Eventually in 1919 the 18th amendment was passed prohibiting the sale and consumption of alcohol and proving the temperance movement successful but presented more challenges and after the devastation of the Great Depression the sale of alcohol could do a lot to jumpstart the economy. As a result, for the first time in US history a constitutional amendment was repealed by the addition of another amendment. The 21st amendment allowed for the legal sale and consumption of alcohol once again in 1933. Women’s Suffrage Movement- Women wanted the right to vote and to be considered equal contributors in a democratic society. Major contributors to the movement were Elizabeth Cady Stanton who helped organize the first women’s conference at Seneca Falls, where women’s issues were discussed. Specifically women’s right to vote.

ANDREW JACKSON-JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY Extends vote to all white males. Before this the only males who were able to vote were upper class white males. This is why Andrew Jackson was seen as the president for the “Common Man.” Spoils System- Rewarding supporters with political positions. Nullification Crisis- John C. Calhoun, Vice President, supports South Carolina in secession of the Union after Andrew Jackson passes tariffs (taxes on imports) that harm the southern economy. Calhoun’s position is that a state has the right to ignore federal law or consider a law “null” (meaning obsolete, void, not in effect), if it did not benefit the people of that particular state. After the crisis is settled, southerners become increasingly scared that the federal government will dictate the institution of slavery in the South as well.

MANIFEST DESTINY, COMPROMISES & THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY. Problem: As the country expands should new territories allow slavery or not? North said no. South said yes. Maine- FREE STATE Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854- Stated that the majority group that inhabited the Kansas and Nebraska territory would be able to choose slave vs. free by way of popular sovereignty. Led to Bleeding Kansas Idea of Manifest Destiny was to Settle everything from the Atlantic to the Pacific. PACIFIC SIDE OF US. Idea of Manifest Destiny was to Settle everything from the Atlantic to the Pacific. ATLANTIC SIDE OF US Compromise of 1850-Fugitive Slave law, California enter as free state, all other states acquired in Mexican cession was up to popular sovereignty. Missouri Compromise (1820)- Stated anything above 36/30 was free and anything below was slave with the exception of Missouri which entered the Union as a slave state and Maine which entered as a free state.

Election to secession I will become the President of the new Confederate States of America. It makes me sad to leave my friends behind but I will fight for what I believe in! I will rid the Nation of the institution of slavery!

THE BEGINNING OF WAR/battles Battle of Fort Sumter- This is where the first shots of the war were shot when Union forces refused to abandon fort that was located in the South. Battle of Antietam-Robert E. Lee and Confederate troops wanted to get Maryland to join the Confederate cause. They were met by Union troops and turned into the bloodiest battle of the war. It was immediately followed up with Abraham Lincoln signing the Emancipation Proclamation. Battle of Vicksburg- Union troops wanted to cut off Confederates supply line by eliminating their access to the Mississippi River. Union defeats the Confederates in what becomes a decisive victory. Battle of Gettysburg- Robert E. Lee tried to invade the North in hopes of obtaining more supplies. After a 3 day battle the Confederate troops are defeated with too many causalities to recover fully. Confederate troops are forced to retreat to never invade the North again. The battle was followed up by the Gettysburg address by the Union, honoring the troops, recognizing lives lost, and stating once again his commitment to reuniting/preserving the Union. Sherman’s March to Sea- Sherman uses Total Warfare to burn all Confederate supplies from Savannah to Atlanta showing the South that if they continue everything will be destroyed.

Battle at Appomattox courthouse IN VA. /Robert e Battle at Appomattox courthouse IN VA./Robert e. lee surrenders confederate troops.