April 9, 2018 God loves each of us as if there were only one of us”- Augustine “ “Remember who you are. Don’t compromise for anyone, for any reason. You are a child of the Almighty God. Live that truth.” –Lysa Terkeurst “If you can’t fly, then run, If you can’t run, then walk, If you can’t walk, then crawl, but whatever you do, you have to keep moving forward.” –Martin Luther King Jr. "If God is your partner, make your plans BIG!" –D.L. Moody Remember that I’ll be praying for you today. You  Are  Priceless.

Chapter 10 – The Periodic Table This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

5.1 Organizing the Elements Dmitri Mendeleev – 1860s Russian chemist and teacher Used the game of solitaire as a model Made a “deck of cards” of the elements listing the elements name, mass and properties Arranged the elements into rows of increasing mass so that elements with similar properties were in the same column

Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of elements that had not yet been discovered. This showed how useful the periodic table could be. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

The Modern Periodic Table Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number (# of Protons.) Periods – horizontal rows; elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels. Groups– vertical columns Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

LABEL This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

LABEL 1-18 A GROUP B GROUP

Valence electrons – electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

Classes of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

Give Electrons, Form Positive Ions (cations) Metals- Give Electrons, Form Positive Ions (cations) Majority of elements are metals Left side of periodic table Conductors of heat and electricity Malleable, Ductile and have Luster This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Take Electrons, form negative Ions Nonmetals- Take Electrons, form negative Ions Poor conductors of heat and electricity Low boiling points (many are gases at room temp.) Solids tend to be brittle This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Metalloids (semiconductors) Properties that fall in between metals and nonmetals Elements properties become less metallic and more nonmetallic as you move from left to right across a period.

PATTERNS Ionization energy: the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom.

Groups 1 and 2 Group 2A or 2 2 valence electrons The Alkali Metals Group 1A 1 valence e- So reactive they are only found in nature as compounds Reactivity increases from top to bottom of group Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2A or 2 2 valence electrons Very reactive; but less reactive than Group 1A Differences In the way they react with water

Groups 3-12 Transition Metals Also known as 1B-8B Act less quickly with oxygen Make good building materials often. Include the Lanthanide and Actinide series that belong in group 3, period 6 and 7. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Most compound in the body contain carbon Group 14 or 4A 3 valence e- Contains 1 metalloid and 4 metals Al-most abundant metal in earth’s crust 4 valence e- Contains 1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, and 2 metals Most compound in the body contain carbon This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA Group 14 or 4A This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Oxygen-the most abundant ELEMENT in the human body Group 15 or 5A 6 valence e- 3 nonmetals, 2 metalloids Oxygen-the most abundant ELEMENT in the human body Group 15 or 5A 5 valence e- 2 metalloids, 1 metal, 2 nonmetals N and P are found in fertilizers This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Group 17 or 7A Halogen Family 7 valence e-, takers! Highly reactive nonmetals Reactivity decreases from top to bottom of group (Just the opposite of Group 1 or IA) Fluorine – most reactive halogen

Noble Gas Family Group 18 or 8A Don’t form ions 8 valence e- All nonmetals Colorless, odorless gases Nonreactive (inert)

Elements & Macromolecules in Organisms Most common elements in living things are: Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight.

Noble Gas Family Group 18 or 8A Don’t form ions 8 valence e- All nonmetals Colorless, odorless gases Nonreactive (inert) All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon.

Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom. It can bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds. Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can form only single bonds. BONDS

Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) 4 basic Molecules Each small organic molecule can be a unit of a large organic molecule called a macromolecule. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA) Carbohydrates and lipids are made of only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).