Ch 9: LEARNING

Classical conditioning is also known as __________ conditioning. instrumental Skinnerian operant Pavlovian Section 6.2 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.2 Basic knowledge question

Classical conditioning is also known as __________ conditioning. instrumental Skinnerian operant Pavlovian Section 6.2 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.2 Basic knowledge question

In Pavlov’s experiment, salivation to food is known as the __________. unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned response Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.3 Basic knowledge question. This can be used to initiate a discussion of the differences among the US, UR, CS, and CR.

In Pavlov’s experiment, salivation to food is known as the __________. unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned response Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.3 Basic knowledge question. This can be used to initiate a discussion of the differences among the US, UR, CS, and CR.

If an unconditioned stimulus is not repeatedly paired with the conditioned stimulus, __________ will occur. discrimination acquisition extinction generalization Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.4 (a and b only) Basic knowledge question

If an unconditioned stimulus is not repeatedly paired with the conditioned stimulus, __________ will occur. discrimination acquisition extinction generalization Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.4 (a and b only) Basic knowledge question

In classical conditioning, what is spontaneous recovery? After extinction of the association, the animal shows the conditioned response again. An animal can easily learn to associate a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. If an animal is sick, it remembers the learned association after it recovers from its sickness. After extinction of the association, the animal shows the unconditioned response again. Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.4—full figure This is a basic knowledge question, but students often have difficulty understanding spontaneous recovery.

In classical conditioning, what is spontaneous recovery? After extinction of the association, the animal shows the conditioned response again. An animal can easily learn to associate a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus. If an animal is sick, it remembers the learned association after it recovers from its sickness. After extinction of the association, the animal shows the unconditioned response again. Section 6.2 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.4—full figure This is a basic knowledge question, but students often have difficulty understanding spontaneous recovery.

What does an animal learn in classical conditioning? An association between a US and a UR An association between a US and a CR An association between a US and a CS An association between a CS and a UR Section 6.2 Correct response: C This is an application question that will be very difficult for students.

What does an animal learn in classical conditioning? An association between a US and a UR An association between a US and a CR An association between a US and a CS An association between a CS and a UR Section 6.2 Correct response: C This is an application question that will be very difficult for students.

Listening to rock music Listening to rock music while cutting onions Joey likes to listen to rock music when cutting onions. After doing so for awhile, he notices his eyes get teary when listening to rock music. The US is: Tears Onions Listening to rock music Listening to rock music while cutting onions Section 6.2 Correct response: A Application question

Listening to rock music Listening to rock music while cutting onions Joey likes to listen to rock music when cutting onions. After doing so for awhile, he notices his eyes get teary when listening to rock music. The US is: Tears Onions Listening to rock music Listening to rock music while cutting onions Section 6.2 Correct response: A Application question

Discrimination Acquisition Generalization Spontaneous Recovery __________ refers to the occurrence of the conditioned response when the stimulus is slightly different than the conditioned stimulus. Discrimination Acquisition Generalization Spontaneous Recovery Section 6.2 Correct response: D Basic knowledge question

Discrimination Acquisition Generalization Spontaneous Recovery __________ refers to the occurrence of the conditioned response when the stimulus is slightly different than the conditioned stimulus. Discrimination Acquisition Generalization Spontaneous Recovery Section 6.2 Correct response: D Basic knowledge question

Who proposed the law of effect? Garcia Skinner Pavlov Thorndike Section 6.3 Correct response: E Basic knowledge question

Who proposed the law of effect? Garcia Skinner Pavlov Thorndike Section 6.3 Correct response: E Basic knowledge question

Reinforcing successive approximations of an action in an effort to teach a complex action is known as __________. shaping observational learning punishment discrimination Section 6.3 Correct response: A Answer slide: Figure 6.13 Basic knowledge question

Reinforcing successive approximations of an action in an effort to teach a complex action is known as __________. shaping observational learning punishment discrimination Section 6.3 Correct response: A Answer slide: Figure 6.13 Basic knowledge question

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment? Spanking a child Giving a rat a food pellet Removing shock Removing food Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.14 Application question

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment? Spanking a child Giving a rat a food pellet Removing shock Removing food Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.14 Application question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of punishment? Not learning an appropriate behavior Learning to avoid the punisher Difficulties in delivering the accurate strength of punishment All of the above Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.14 Application question

Which of the following is a disadvantage of punishment? Not learning an appropriate behavior Learning to avoid the punisher Difficulties in delivering the accurate strength of punishment All of the above Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.14 Application question

Which of the following best characterizes operant learning? The organism learns an association between a stimulus and a response. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a consequence. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a reward. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a punishment. Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.12 Application question

Which of the following best characterizes operant learning? The organism learns an association between a stimulus and a response. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a consequence. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a reward. The organism learns an association between a behavior and a punishment. Section 6.3 Correct response: D Answer slide: Figure 6.12 Application question

Which reinforcement schedule involves being reinforced after a random time period? Variable ratio Fixed interval Fixed ratio Variable interval Section 6.3 Correct response: A Basic knowledge question

Which reinforcement schedule involves being reinforced after a random time period? Variable ratio Fixed interval Fixed ratio Variable interval Section 6.3 Correct response: A Basic knowledge question

Which statement is true concerning operant conditioning? It is more difficult to learn fixed schedules than variable schedules. Responses are higher for ratio schedules than for interval schedules. Partial reinforcement does not result in significant learning. Responses are higher for fixed schedules than for variable schedules. Section 6.23 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.15 Application question

Which statement is true concerning operant conditioning? It is more difficult to learn fixed schedules than variable schedules. Responses are higher for ratio schedules than for interval schedules. Partial reinforcement does not result in significant learning. Responses are higher for fixed schedules than for variable schedules. Section 6.3 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.15 Application question

Your mother gives you $5. 00 for every A on your report card Your mother gives you $5.00 for every A on your report card. What type of consequence is this? Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment Section 6.3 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.15 Application question

Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Your mother gives you $5.00 for every A on your report card. What type of consequence is this? Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Positive punishment Negative punishment Section 6.3 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.15 Application question

You start gagging when your mom takes fish out of the frig to cook for dinner. What type of reinforcement is this? Escape Conditioning Avoidance Conditioning Positive punishment Negative punishment

You start gagging when your mom takes fish out of the frig to cook for dinner. What type of reinforcement is this? Escape Conditioning Avoidance Conditioning Positive punishment Negative punishment

In Bandura’s Bobo doll experiment, children who saw an adult behave aggressively toward a doll: Were less aggressive toward the doll than children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Were more aggressive toward the doll than children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Behaved similarly toward the doll as children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Section 6.4 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.20 Basic knowledge question

In Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, children who saw an adult behave aggressively toward a doll: Were less aggressive toward the doll than children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Were more aggressive toward the doll than children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Behaved similarly toward the doll as children who did not see an adult behave aggressively toward the doll Section 6.4 Correct response: B Answer slide: Figure 6.20 Basic knowledge question

The condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable. Latent learning Learned helplessness Cognitive learning Behavior modification Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question

The condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable. Latent learning Learned helplessness Cognitive learning Behavior modification Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question

The essential concept of computer-assisted instruction involves: Classical Conditioning modeling Operant Conditioning internality Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question

The essential concept of computer-assisted instruction involves: Classical Conditioning modeling Operant Conditioning internality Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question

Students in an elementary classroom were given ‘star buck’ for positive behavior. The bucks could be used to purchase various items from the classroom bank each month. Token economy Behavior contract Cognitive map Response chain Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question

Students in an elementary classroom were given ‘star buck’ for positive behavior. The bucks could be used to purchase various items from the classroom bank each month. Token economy Behavior contract Cognitive map Response chain Section 6.4 Correct response: C Answer slide: Figure 6.22 Basic knowledge question