FR Project (timeline, newspaper, or trial) is DUE on Thurs / Fri FR #9: Napoleon, the hero “Better not to have been born than to live without glory.” Napoleon Bonaparte Journal: What is Napoleon saying in this quote? What does this tell us about him? FR Project (timeline, newspaper, or trial) is DUE on Thurs / Fri

Hero! Rises French Republic 1795 – royalists (loyal to king) attack Nat’l Convention Napoleon Bonaparte (a young military leader) protects & saves gov’t Hero! Rises Through the ranks in the French army

A hero?! France had been fighting at war with Austria for years. At the end of 1797, twenty-eight year-old Napoleon Bonaparte returned to Paris, and handed the government a treaty signed by the Austrians which brought a fragile peace to the continent of Europe. In just one and one-half years, he had taken his dispirited, tattered solders, marched them hundreds of miles, and defeated the army of the Empire of Austria without ever losing a battle.

Coup d'état: quick takeover of gov 1799: weak politicians lead France, Napoleon seizes the opportunity to take over He uses his troops to convince the Directory to give him the power Hero or villain?

“The revolution is over. I am the revolution.” - Napoleon

Restoring Order Hero or villain? 1. Fix the economy Taxed everyone fairly End corruption 2. Lycees: gov run schools for all Hero or villain?

Church 3. Signed a concordat (agreement) with the Pope: allowed the Church to return BUT separated power b/w church and gov

4. Napoleonic Code: uniform set of laws for the nation Focus on order All men are equal, but women are not Harder for women to divorce Limits freedom of speech & press

Censorship: control media & delete unacceptable parts When Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in France in 1799, he quickly attempted to gain control of public opinion. He did this, in part, by censoring newspapers, plays, and books. His aids were ordered to review news sources and literary works to make sure he was cast in a favorable light. Napoleon’s secret police enforced his policies.

Citizen Ripault is to see that he is supplied every day with all the papers that come out, except the eleven political papers. He will read them carefully, make an abstract of everything they contain likely to influence public opinion, especially with regard to religion, philosophy, and political opinion. He will send me this abstract daily between five and six o’clock. Once every ten days he will send me an analysis of all the books or pamphlets… How did Napoleon censor the media? Why would he want to censor the media? Could someone control the media like this today?

Napoleon 1804: Napoleon crowns himself Emperor of France Ceremony at Notre Dame Takes crown from the Pope and crowns himself! Do you think the people of France want to return to having another king?

Is Napoleon a hero or villain? List 2 ways in which he could be considered a “hero” Villain List 2 ways in which he could be considered a “villain”

On left Hero List 2 ways in which he could be considered a “hero” Villain List 2 ways in which he could be considered a “villain”

A Vote Nap calls for a plebiscite (vote) by the ppl to approve him & his Constitution Ppl approve – even though he took power by force & looks like a dictator Why??? Didn’t they just fight a revolution against unfair rulers? Hero or villain?

What to do today: Divide work: 1st person – intro & 1 argument 2nd person – 1 argument & conclusion 3rd person – 1 argument & prints! Share your work via email so it’s on 1 doc Divide up speaking: everyone must talk! DUE NOW: 1 handout per group! DUE MON: print your write-up DUE WED: present, must be here and have work printed

Opening Statement