Most soil in New York State is made from 1) Weathered bedrock and dead animals 2) Human intervention of rock materials and accumulated water 3) Eroded rainwater and plant remains 4) Weathered and eroded bedrock and organic material

River velocity changes with Volume of water, gradient of land, and the Shape of the river. Because of these factors, rivers evolve over time.

Evolving Rivers… Rivers begin in mountains: steep, fast, and V-shaped. Rivers erode land and become less steep, wider and slower.

Which agent of erosion carved the V-shaped valley shown in the photograph? 1) River water 2) Glacial Ice 3) Mass wasting 4) Hurricane winds

Flooding widens, flattens, and slows the river. Curves called MEANDERS develop.

Straight river is fastest in middle below surface.

Meandering river is fastest on the outside of the curve.

DEPOSITION EROSION EROSION DEPOSITION

And from outer space…

Oxbow lakes

The map shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D Inside of meander! The map shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom. At which location is water velocity most likely the slowest? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D