Analysis of Optical Beam Propagation Through Turbulence

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Analysis of Optical Beam Propagation Through Turbulence Heba M. El-Erian, Walid Ali Atia* , Linda Wasiczko, and Christopher C. Davis   Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park *now with Axsun, Inc. Billerica, Mass. The Random Interface Geometric Optics Model Models the random medium as random curved interfaces with random refractive index discontinuities across them. Snell’s law applied to evaluate the trajectories of the rays crossing the interfaces. Various ray behaviors are Monte-Carlo simulated. The model contains two simulation routines that: Calculate the beam wander of a single pencil thin ray traveling through turbulence Calculate the phase wander between two parallel rays traveling through turbulence Single Pass Aperture Averaging To Labview 1cm collecting telescope with narrowband filter Collecting lens PD Amplifier Filter Incident HeNe radiation Intensity Fluctuation Beam Wander Simulation Model Calculates the 3-D trajectory for a single ray traveling at distance L through a simulated random medium. The mean square beam wander is averaged over each run. Phase Wander Simulation Model Turbulence Equations For a plane wave propating in the z-direction, For a Laser Beam, Beam centroid deviates as it propagates through turbulence. Mean square beam wander for a Gaussian beam (by Ishimaru), where is the inner scale, , where is the radius of equivalent Gaussian wave, is the spot-size, and . For a plane wave, it simplifies to, Beam Wander The trajectories of two parallel rays propagating through the simulated random medium are computed simultaneously. The difference in the path length traveled will yield the phase difference between the rays  Beam Wander Simulation Results Phase Wander Mean square phase difference for a plane wave propagating through weak turbulence found using the phase screen method. For two narrow collimated beams, becomes, Conclusions Model to evaluate beam wander, aperture averaging, and phase decorrelations for a Gaussian beam-wave input have been developed Model will be verified with measurements Aperture Averaging The intensity variance decreases with the area of the receiver. Aperture averaging (by Tatarski), where, is the intensity variance of the actual receiver relative to a point receiver . Parameters used: L = 500m with step size = 50m, , , , , path length threshold = 2cm, N = 1000. Results show excellent agreement with the cubic fit described in theory