Term Project Grade 9 Section B Due december 18 Find and research one Emerging technology not studied in class. It can be a prototype or already available in the market. Each student must present their findings Must use microsoft powerpoint Presentation must have pictures and at least 5 slides, including a list of references Student should be prepared to answer questions about their topic

It is always faster to access data from main memory than from backing storage. The processor can only use data and instructions that are in memory. Data stored in main memory is lost when the computer is turned off but data stored in backing storage is not lost. When programs are run or data files are loaded the contents are copied from the backing storage to the main memory of the computer Main memory is much smaller than backing storage. It is far too small to hold the data and programs that would be on the backing storage.

STORAGE DEVICES Storage Medium = the part that holds the data Storage Device = the machine that lets you store data on the medium and read data from it 3 Types of Storage Devices

Magnetic Tiny areas on the surface of the media can be magnetised in different ways and these store bits in codes that represent characters. Optical Store data on their surface by little pits burnt by laser into the surface Solid State Different from magnetic and optical, has no moving parts, fits directly into the computer

Magnetic Fixed Hard Disk Portable Hard Disk Magnetic Tape Floppy Disk (almost obsolete) Optical CD/DVD – ROM CD/DVD – R CD/DVD- RW DVD-RAM Blu-Ray Solid State Memory Stick/Pen Drive/USB Flash Memory

Fixed Hard Drives Used as main storage because They can store very large amounts of data Access to the data is fast There is no limit to the number of times they can delete data and then reuse the medium Used to store 3 types of data Operating system Applications Users data, files, videos, etc. These 3 types of data are all stored on the hard disk and then sent to the computers memory when they need to be used. Stores and retrieves data much faster than a CD/DVD Hard disks can crash. That is when read/write head crashes down on the surface of the hard disk (can cause data loss); fragile

Portable Hard Disk More robust than fixed hard disk; but can be damaged if dropped or mishandled Used primarily to backup files and for transferring large files from one computer to another. Data access times are fast; data transfer rate is fast; large capacity Transfer rates are NOT as fast as fixed hard disks; more expensive than other forms of media

Magnetic Tape Magnetic tapes are very thin strips of plastic that are coated with a magnetic layer and are fed through a read/write head mechanism. Used in any application that requires an extremely large storage capacity and where the speed of accessing data is not that important. Batch processing Utility billing systems – where all customer bills are produced at the same time and every customer record has to be processed Making backups (usually larger organisations) Cheaper than using disks; robust; data transfer rate is fast Access to data is slow; updating requires a new tape to be created

More than 60,000 slots for magnetic tape cassettes Data Archiving

There is no need to read through the whole disk to find just one piece of data, which speeds up the process considerably Fixed Hard Drive Portable Hard Drive Direct Access to Data Data is stored one piece after the other Sequential storage (data is arranged in some sort of order, for example: alphabetical) Magnetic Tapes – used when there is a need to store large amounts of data and where the speed of access is not important. Serial Storage

PropertiesUsesAdvantagesDisadvantages CD/DV D ROM Read Only Memory Can NOT be recorded on Storing music albums, software, games, etc. More robust and cheaper than hard disks Data access rates are longer than for hard disks CD/DV D R Read & Write Once Memory CAN be recorded ONCE Home recordings of music and films; storing and transferring data Once burned they cannot be accidentally written over If a mistake is made it must be thrown away CD/DV D RW Rewritable optical disks Can be written over several times Used for data and recording TV shows, etc. that need to be deleted and rewritten Can be used more than once More costly ; Can be accidentally overwritten DVD RAM Possible to record and use at the same time General data storage; archiving Greater capacity; Longer lasting than other forms of optical media Expensive; not compatible with most DVD players Blu Ray Largest capacity Video games, data, HD movies, camcorders Highest access speeds and data transfer rates Expensive

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Solid State Backing Storage Memory Stick/Pen Drive/USB Drive Storage medium and device are the same Can store up to 64 GB of data Used to transport files and backup data from computer to computer Advantages More compact than equivalent optical or magnetic media; very portable More robust than other forms of memory, even surviving being washed Disadvantages More expensive per GB than hard disk drives

Solid State Backing Storage Flash Memory Cards Can store up to 64 GB of data Used for storing photographs in digital cameras Used in mobile phones to store phone numbers, photographs, etc. Used in MP3 players to store music Advantages More compact than equivalent optical or magnetic media Disadvantages More expensive per GB than hard disk drives; can only be used for a particular number of read/write operations Have lower storage capacity than hard disk drives