PHONICS and Spelling IN Year 2 Mrs Lloyd Mrs Winfield

What is phonics? It's all about sounds. There are 44 sounds in the English language, which we put together to form words. Some are represented by one letter, like 't', and some by two or more, like 'ck' in duck and 'air' in chair. Children are taught the sounds first (in Foundation Stage) and it builds up to using the letter sounds for reading and spelling in Year 2. Synthetic phonics refers to 'synthesising', or blending, the sounds to read words. It's based on the idea that children should sound out unknown words and not rely on their context.

Technical terms Phoneme: The smallest unit of sound in a word. Grapheme: Letter(s) representing the phoneme: t, ai Consonant cluster: Two or three phonemes blended together in speech. You hear each sound separately and there is a letter to represent each sound (scr, bl, -mp) Consonant digraph: Two consonants making one phoneme. We can not separate them: we do not hear them individually (-ck, -ss, sh, ch-) Vowel digraph: Two letters (one of which is vowel) making one vowel sound. (ai, ee, ow) Split Vowel digraph: Two letters making the same sounds even though they are forced apart. (tale, flute)

Phase 2 Set 1: s, a, t, p Set 2: i, n, m, d Set 3: g, o, c, k Set 4: ck, e, u, r Set 5: h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss Phase 3 Set 6: j, v, w, x Set 7: y, z, zz, qu Consonant digraphs: ch, sh, th, ng Vowel digraphs: ai, ee, igh, oa, oo, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ear, air, ure, er Phase 4 This phase consolidates all the children have learnt in the previous phases. Phase 5 – Start of year 2 – We revisit some of these sounds from Year 1 Children will be taught new graphemes and alternative pronunciations for these graphemes. Vowel digraphs: wh, ph, ay, ou, ie, ea, oy, ir, ue, aw, ew, oe, au Split digraphs: a_e, e_e, i_e, o_e, u_e

Phase 5 activity Over to you! On your table there’s a sorting activity – can you sort the words into the correct groups and explain the rule for each one?

Phonics is a vital skill for both reading and spelling. Phase 6 is moving on to using and applying phonics into spelling rules. We learn a new rule, the patterns and the exceptions to it.

Example lesson Spaced retrieval – Go back over it Example lesson Spaced retrieval – Go back over it. Look at previous sound / rule learnt. Learn new sound / rule. Apply new sound / rule. 5 The /l/ or /əl/ sound spelt –le at the end of words The /r/ sound spelt wr at the beginning of words The /dʒ/ sound spelt as ge and dge at the end of words, and sometimes spelt as g elsewhere in words before e, i and y 6 The /l/ or /əl/ sound spelt –el at the end of words The /s/ sound spelt c before e, i and y 7 The /l/ or /əl/ sound spelt –al at the end of words The /n/ sound spelt kn and (less often) gn at the beginning of words

Video with 2L – Working on suffixes. Adding a suffix when the word ends in y.

Change words into the past tense by adding ‘ed’ Hop , Shop , hum Carry , Worry Silent letters Knife, knit , Comb, lamb Pluralising (adding s / es) Baby , Church , Key , bush Apostrophes for contraction Could not – couldn’t , We are – we’re She will – she’ll Adding ‘ing’ Hit , Slide , swim Adding ‘ly’ Happy , Sleepy , slow Homophones There / their / they’re Pour / paw /poor

Phase 6 Activity– Pluralise each of these words. What’s the rule?

Reaching the expected standard in writing has a big emphasis on spelling. Spelling “many” words correctly and others are phonetically plausible. Editing and correcting of spellings is necessary skill.

Spelling “many common exception words” is needed for children to reach Age Related expectations.