Orders of Aquatic Insects

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Presentation transcript:

Orders of Aquatic Insects

Classification

Known Living Species = 1,830,725

Collembola (“Springtails”) Larva and Adult: Eyespots Segmented legs Abdominal tube (Collophore) Abdominal furca (“spring”)

Ephemeroptera (“maylfies”) Larva: Segmented legs Compound eyes 2-3 “tails” Gills on abdomen Subimago Dull appearance Imago (Adult): Antennae inconspicuous Hindwings small 2-3 tails

Odonata (“dragonflies” and “damselflies”) Larva Segmented legs Compound eyes Hinged labium 3 terminal plate-like gills or none Adult Antennae inconspicuous Wings equally long, held above or beside body Abdomen long, slender

Plecoptera (‘stoneflies”) Larva: Segmented legs Compound eyes 2 “tails” Gills filamentous, thoracic, if present Adult: Antennae long Wings equally long, folded over abdomen, hind wings folded Cerci usually long

Orthoptera (“grasshoppers”) Larva and Adult: Conspicuous antennae Hind femora large

Blattodea Oval body Head hidden in dorsal view Cursorial legs with 5-segmented tarsi Wings present, sometimes reduced esp.in ♀♀

Hemiptera-Heteroptera (‘bugs”) Larva: Similar to adult Adult: Antennae conspicuous or hidden Beak-like mouthparts Bases of adult forewings leathery

Megaloptera (“hellgrammites/dobsonflies” and “alderflies”) Larva: Eyespots (stemmata) Segmented legs 7-8 pairs of abdominal filaments 2 pairs anal hooks OR caudal filament Pupa: Terrestrial Adult: Antennae conspicuous Many crossveins along forewing front margins

Neuroptera (“spongillaflies”) Larva: Eyespots (stemmata) Style-like mandibles Pupa: Terrestrial in double cocoon Adult: Megaloptera-like Small mandibles

Trichoptera (“caddisflies”) Larva: Eyespots (stemmata) Antennae inconspicuous Segmented legs 1 pair anal hooks Pupa: Large mandibles Adult: Long antennae and palps Hairy wings held roof-like

Lepidoptera (“caterpillars/moths”) Larva: Eyespots (stemmata) Segmented legs With or without gills In plants Pupa: Adult: Coiled proboscis Colorful, scaly wings

Coleoptera (“beetles”) Larva: Eyespots (stemmata) Segmented legs No anal hooks OR four hooks OR 2 hooks with hard covering Pupa: Terrestrial Adult: Antennae short or long Hard elytra

Diptera (“flies”) Larva: Pupa: Adult: Head conspicuous or not No segmented legs Pupa: Prothoracic spiracular gills (“horns”) Adult: 1 pair of wings 1 pair of halters

Hymenoptera (“wasps”) Larva: Eyes/antennae inconspicuous Thorax indistinguishable No segmented legs Pupa: In host Adult: Conspicuous antennae Wings transparent Hind wings smaller than forewings

Known living aquatic insect species = 103,225

Larval Identification Mature larvae are best Hand lens with 10–20X for family Microscope with at least 50X for genus/species 2 pairs of very fine lab forceps Specimen fully submerged in alcohol Less than 50% of Nearctic species identifiable -- a serious research need!

Relatively Low Tolerance Values NCBI (Lenat 1993) Plecoptera: 1.72 (0.0–6.3) Trichoptera: 2.33 (0.0–8.1) Ephemeroptera: 2.72 (0.0–9.3) Coleoptera: 5.73 (0.0–10.0) Dip.-Chironomidae 5.91 (0.0–10.0) Megaloptera: 6.20 (5.5–7.5) Other Diptera 6.36 (0.2–10.0) Odonata: 6.88 (1.6–10.0)