RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCHANGE OF GASES PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Robert J. Sullivan, Marist College RESPIRATORY SYSTEM EXCHANGE OF GASES Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Bell Work 4-2-18 What are the normal respirations per minute for an adult? What gases are exchanged when we breath? 3. Have you ever or do you have a story about respiratory distress that you would share with class?

Standard 19) Identify and perform skills to manage life threatening illnesses based on assessment findings of a pediatric, adult, and geriatric patient with medical emergencies identifying anatomical structures involved. Utilize rubrics from textbooks, National HOSA guidelines, or clinical standards of practice in the following areas: Anaphylaxis and Respiratory distress/Asthma 20) Use assessment information to recognize shock, respiratory failure or arrest, and cardiac arrest based on assessment findings. Demonstrate the ability to manage the situation while awaiting additional emergency response.

Objective By the end of class, students will be able to identify major structures in the respiratory system Explain the basic process of ventilation

Intro to Respiratory System

QUESTION Looking at following picture, why does the right lung have 3 lobes and the left lung only have 2 lobes?

The Respiratory System Function: exchange of oxygen & carbon dioxide between the blood, air, and tissues.

What is Human Respiration/Ventilation? Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration Inspiration- the process of taking in air (O2) Expiration- the process of blowing out air (CO2)

Organs of the Respiratory system Nose/Nasal Cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs – alveoli Figure 13.1 Slide 13.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Organs in the Respiratory System STRUCTURE FUNCTION nose / nasal cavity  warms, moistens, & filters air as it is inhaled pharynx (throat)  passageway for air, leads to trachea larynx  the voice box, where vocal chords are located trachea (windpipe)  keeps the windpipe "open"  trachea is lined with fine hairs called cilia which filter air before it reaches the lungs bronchi  two branches at the end of the trachea, each lead to a lung bronchioles  a network of smaller branches leading from the bronchi into the lung tissue & ultimately to air sacs alveoli  the functional respiratory units in the lung where gases are exchanged

Key Structures: Pleural cavity: thin film of serous fluid that lubricates pleural surfaces, reducing friction. Holds together pleural membranes Diaphragm: Muscle that controls breathing by moving up & down Divides chest cavity from abdominal cavity Moves UP on inspiration and Down on expiration Epiglottis: flap that closes when food or water is swallowed. Covers opening of trachea.

Function of the Respiratory System Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the alveoli (only site of gas exchange, other structures passageways) Passageways to the lungs purify, warm, and humidify the incoming air Shares responsibility with cardiovascular system

Components of the Upper Respiratory Tract Figure 10.2

Upper Respiratory Tract Functions Passageway for respiration Receptors for smell Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign material Moistens and warms incoming air Resonating chambers for voice (voice box)

Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract Figure 10.3

Lower Respiratory Tract Functions: Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production Trachea: transports air to and from lungs Bronchi: branch into lungs Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange Alveoli: Gas exchange occurs

Aspects of the Respiratory System Control Ventilation occurs under the control of the nervous system Inhalation Initiated by the diaphragm. The diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and abdomen moves downward.

Exhalation Gas Exchange Vocalization This is a passive activity. Diaphragm relaxes. Gas Exchange Respiratory system main function. Vocalization Vibration of air across the vocal cords results in sound

GAS EXCHANGE Oxygen diffuses into the blood & carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood out into the lung Breathing: The taking in of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide waste into the air Diaphragm: Muscle that controls breathing by moving up & down

Flow of O2 through the body O2 Enters the body Nose or mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea

Flow of O2 through the body Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli (O2 and CO2 Exchange) Circulatory System

How Ventilation Works It starts at the Nose or mouth Air enters Pharynx Your nervous system triggers your diaphragm to contract. You inhale. Epiglottis is open, Larynx is below epiglottis Air travels to the back of your throat and down the trachea.

How Ventilation Works The trachea divides into two parts called bronchial tubes. The bronchial tubes are lined with tiny hairs called cilia. Cilia move back and forth, carrying mucus up and out. As Bronchi travel through the lungs, they divide into smaller tubes (Bronchioles) with tiny balloon like sacs on the end. These air sacs are called alveoli. The alveoli are surrounded by a mesh of tiny blood vessels called capillaries .

How Ventilation Works Here, oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls and into the blood or circulatory system. Blood leaves the lungs and is carried to the heart where it is pumped through the body. As the body uses the oxygen, carbon dioxide is produced and absorbed into the blood. Your blood carries the carbon dioxide back to your lungs, where it is removed from the body when your diaphragm relaxes and you exhale.

Respiratory Cycle Figure 10.9

Lung Lab Questions to reflect in notebook When you push and pull the handle to move the plastic in and out. What do you observe? Hold the bottle so the mouth is near your cheek and move the surface of the plastic in and out. What do you feel? Which organ do you think the plastic piece represents? The plastic bottle? Extra mucus forms in lungs during a cold or in some diseases. Add a spoonful of water to the ballon. Try to push and pull on the plastic. What happens and why?