CELLS!

What are cells? Robert Hooke in 1665 first called the tiny chambers he saw in a microscope cells. All living things are made out of cells! Cells contain living matter. CELLS MAKE UP EVERY LIVING THING! Plants are made of CELLS! Animals are made of CELLS! Bacteria are CELLS! Can we see them? Most cells are very small so we can’t see them without a microscope BUT a chicken egg is just one large cell.. 

The Cell Theory What do cells have to do with life? All living things are composed of cells (you, me, plants, bugs, fish, chickens, Colonel Sanders, slugs, Bacteria, Yeast, Jackie Chan) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things (what keeps us upright and helps us live, basically small workers responsible for how we function!) New cells are produced from existing cells (they can’t just appear out of thin air…cells make new cells by dividing!)

Classifications of Life: All life is classified into three Domains… Bacteria Archaea Eukarya Each domain is divided into Kingdoms. There are six different kingdoms… Eubacteria Archae-bacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia Everyday bacteria. Helpful bacteria that live in our bellies as well as streptococcus, the bacterium that causes strep throat. Prokaryotic Bacteria found in extreme environments such as hot boiling water and thermal vents with no oxygen or highly acid environments. Prokaryotic Eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals. Amoeba, paramecia, euglena, etc. Eukaryotic Flowering plants, cone-bearing plants, mosses, and ferns Eukaryotic Mushrooms, mold, yeast, mildew Eukaryotic Invertebrates: worms, insects, mollusks, etc. Vertebrates: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (including humans). Eukaryotic

It’s important to note that both Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are Prokaryotes. All Prokaryotes are single-celled and include all types of bacteria. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria are much more genetically varied than Protists, Plants, Fungus, and Animals, which is why bacteria are divided into two kingdoms.

PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES Both Have: Cytoplasm Ribosomes Plasma Membrane With Plants: Cell Wall With (some) Animals: Flagella Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus! Eukaryotes are more complex Eukaryotes are larger

Why are cells named that way? From Greek words… EU means TRUE. PRO means BEFORE. KARYON means NUCLEUS. Eukaryote = TRUE NUCLEUS; Prokaryote = BEFORE NUCLEUS. All cells have DNA; in eukaryotes it is stored in the nucleus. Prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus; prokaryotic DNA floats around in the cytoplasm in things called nucleoids or the nucleoid region. Only eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, like Smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, etc.

Test Yourself! Statement Prokaryotic Eukaryotic 1. Have a nucleus 2. Have membrane-bound organelles 3. Contain genetic material (DNA) 4. Can be single or multi-celled 5. Can only be single-celled. 6. Have a plasma membrane and cytoplasm

How is life organized for MULTI-CELLULAR Organisms? Cells make up tissues which make up organs which make up organ systems which make up organisms We can also take it back to the atomic level..

QUESTIONS? Stem Cells