A Tour of the Cell, Part I CHAPTER 4 Microscopes as Windows on Cells Types of Microscopes Magnification and Resolution Categories of Cells Features of Prokaryotic Cells Features of Eukaryotic Cells Membrane Structure Nucleus and Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Two Types of Cells Make Up Living Things Prokaryotic cells Small size (1-10 micrometers) Single, circular chromosome No nucleus (DNA in a nucleoid) Simple construction (no organelles) Cell wall usually present (murein) Eukaryotic Cells Larger size (10-100 micrometers) Multiple linear chromosomes Nucleus present Complex construction, many membrane-wrapped organelles Cell wall sometimes present

Cell Membrane Phospholipid bilayer

Prokaryotic Cell (Archea and Eubacteria) Chromosome Cytoplasm Reproduces by binary fission

Plant Cell (Eukaryote) Cytoskeleton - microtubules form internal framework to hold up cell Mitochondrion – Energy conversion powerhouse Central vacuole – garbage dump and internal support Chloroplast – Food production factory Cell wall – external structural support Nucleus – Library for Information storage Golgi Body – shipping and packaging factory Cytoplasm – liquid interior for chemical reactions Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)— Subway system and lipid factory Cell membrane – Barrier with selective gates Ribosomes Protein making machines Reproduces by mitosis or meiosis

Dismantling and Garbage Service Animal Cell (Eukaryote) Lysosome- Dismantling and Garbage Service Centrioles Rope-making factory Cell membrane Mitochondrion Cytoplasm Golgi Body Nucleus Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Reproduces by mitosis or meiosis

Test Diagram of a Cell