Chapter I Terminologi, Standart Human, Scaling

1. Anatomical Terminology

Motion in Human Machine Degree of freedom  coordinate needed to describe that type of motion. Angular movement  x,y,z Rotational movement  θx, θy, and θz Two types of articulations : - fibrous (bones joined by connective tissue) - cartilaginous (bones joined by cartilage) joints, can bend only very little.

Flexion & Extention Extension  angle of 1D hinge increase Flexion  angle of 1D hinge decrease Abduction  rotate away from midline Adducton  rotate closer to midline Rotation  move body part about its axis Pronation  screwdriver movement in the arm toward to body Supination  screwdriver movement in the arm away from body

Standart Human

Standart Human

Standart Human

Standart Human

b

Scaling Relationship Allometric rule  how to predict some properties in body mass using scaling relationship f = properties of animal a,  = parameter of relationship mb = body mass in kg

Another prediction Surface area of a person, A , height H in m body mass Human body density

Another prediction Body Mass Index (Qutelet’s index) Normal value men : 14-20% women : 21-27%