American Revolution Domain 1 Part II

Explain the causes of the American Revolution. Benjamin Franklin’s Propaganda (What does it mean?)

The French & Indian War French & British imperial competition for land in North America led to war in 1754 American Indians tended to support the French, BUISNESS Treaty of Paris, 1763, ended the war British victory/French kicked out Some Americans were bitter over a more permanent British presence

Proclamation of 1763 American couldn’t go west of Appalachian Mountains. British scared of Indians The American colonists were angry, because they felt that their ability to grow had been limited

$tamp Act The French & Indian War left large debts and large bills to pay. Let colonist pay instead of British…FAIR? The Stamp Act forced colonists to print newspapers, playing cards, legal documents, etc. on special paper with special stamps $ $

Intolerable Acts Sons of Liberty, protest and got violent. Daughters of Liberty, boycotted British goods. After the Sons and Daughters of Liberty protested the new taxes with the Boston Tea Party, the British began to punish them 5 acts in all. Most important: Boston Port Act Closed Boston Harbor Quartering Act Americans had to house British Soldiers

Committees of Correspondence Secret communication of American Patriots. Against the British treatment of the American citizens It led to the First Continental Congress, formally organizing the colonies together

Thomas Paine In January 1776 he wrote “Common Sense” Called for American independence because: The Atlantic Ocean was too wide An island cannot rule a continent No “mother” would treat her “child” so badly

British Action – Colonial Reaction

Boycott and harass tax collectors Townshend Acts – 1767 British Action Stamp Act – 1765 British Action Tax on paper goods Colonial Reaction Boycott and harass tax collectors Townshend Acts – 1767 British Action Tax on more imports Colonial Reaction “No taxation without representation” Boston Massacre– 1770 British Action British kill 5 colonists Colonial Reaction Labeled massacre, engraving published depicting the violence Tea Act – 1773 British Action More TAX on Tea Colonial Reaction Boston Tea Party Intolerable Acts – 1774 British Action King tightens control on colonies Colonial Reaction Boycott and harass tax collectors Lexington and Concord – 1775 British Action British troops mobilize Colonial Reaction 1st shots fired Start of American Revolution

Declaration of Independence One of the most important documents in American history Main writer Thomas Jefferson Committee of Five, delegates to work on an find rationale for independence. Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston and Roger Sherman. Used simple and direct language The longest part of it is the end gives examples of how King George III had violated the rights of the American colonists It also explains how the only way to correct these wrongs is to give the Americans control over their own government

Philosophy (IDEA) behind the DOI Borrowed from famous philosophers like John Locke Philosophy of Natural Right and Social Contract Theory

Page 109 We’re going to translate it

The Continental Army When the American Revolution began, George Washington was named commander- in-chief Great leadership and strong organizational abilities The lives of soldiers were hard, serving 1-3 years, with low pay housing/food/clothing were hard to come by and morale was low, especially after some early losses

Crossing the Delaware River On Christmas night 1776, Washington snuck his troops to a victory that would be a turning point In a heavy snowstorm, his men quietly crossed the icy river to a grand victory over the British mercenaries (Hessians) at the Battle of Trenton, New Jersey. The victory will boost the morale of the American Forces.

Valley Forge, Pennsylvania The winter of 1777-1778 was particularly harsh 2,000 Continentals spent six months with little money or food, inadequate clothes & supplies Disease spread 4,000 were to be too weak or ill to fight Army became more self-assured. Prussian General Baron von Steuben, recommended by Benjamin Franklin, instrumental in teaching 18th century warfare to the American soldiers. Standard 4 C

French Alliance The French decided to help the Americans After a convincing victory at Saratoga, New York. British general John Burgoyne was surrounded by the American forces and will surrender. Benjamin Franklin helped convince the French to help until the Americans won A Frenchman, Marquis de Lafayette, commanded American soldiers. Many victories

Lord Charles Cornwallis and the Battle of Yorktown Tried to split the colonies in half. Won few battles When French support arrived in Virginia, Cornwallis was surrounded and was forced to surrender at the Battle of Yorktown. Will be the definitive battle of the American Revolution.

Treaty of Paris, 1783 Standard 4 D The American Revolution was over and the Americans had won their independence The provisions of the 1783 Treat of Paris include: 1. Great Britain recognized its former American colonies as an independent nation. 2. The western boundary of the new United States was to be the Mississippi River. 3. Fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland were guaranteed to the United States. 4. Pre-war debts owed by Americans to British merchants would be paid. 5. States would be encouraged by the Continental Congress to restore the homes, land and confiscated possessions back to Loyalists. They also gained control of all lands as far west at the Mississippi River Also, Spain gained Florida territory from Britain Standard 4 D