I. Newton’s 3rd Law For every ACTION force there is an equal an opposite REACTION force. Ex: Hammer hits a nail Action: Hammer hitting nail Reaction: Nail.

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Presentation transcript:

I. Newton’s 3rd Law For every ACTION force there is an equal an opposite REACTION force. Ex: Hammer hits a nail Action: Hammer hitting nail Reaction: Nail hitting hammer

A. Forces on the objects The forces on the two objects are the same. F(nail)=F(hammer) But they go different speeds. We can calculate those speeds with something called momentum.

p = mv v p m B. Momentum Momentum (comes from 3rd law) quantity of motion p = mv m p v p: momentum (kg ·m/s) m: mass (kg) v: velocity (m/s)

v p m B. Momentum p = ? p = mv m = 280 kg p = (280 kg)(3.2 m/s) Find the momentum of a bumper car if it has a total mass of 280 kg and a velocity of 3.2 m/s. GIVEN: p = ? m = 280 kg v = 3.2 m/s WORK: p = mv p = (280 kg)(3.2 m/s) p = 896 kg·m/s m p v

v p m B. Momentum p = 675 kg·m/s v = p ÷ m m = 300 kg The momentum of a second bumper car is 675 kg·m/s. What is its velocity if its total mass is 300 kg? GIVEN: p = 675 kg·m/s m = 300 kg v = ? WORK: v = p ÷ m v = (675 kg·m/s)÷(300 kg) v = 2.25 m/s m p v

C. Conservation of Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum The total momentum in a group of objects doesn’t change unless outside forces act on the objects. pbefore = pafter

C. Conservation of Momentum Elastic Collision KE is conserved Inelastic Collision KE is not conserved

C. Conservation of Momentum A 5-kg cart traveling at 1.2 m/s strikes a stationary 2-kg cart and they connect. Find their speed after the collision. BEFORE Cart 1: m = 5 kg v = 4.2 m/s Cart 2 : m = 2 kg v = 0 m/s AFTER Cart 1 + 2: m = 7 kg v = ? p = 21 kg·m/s m p v p = 0 v = p ÷ m v = (21 kg·m/s) ÷ (7 kg) v = 3 m/s pbefore = 21 kg·m/s pafter = 21 kg·m/s

C. Conservation of Momentum A 50-kg clown is shot out of a 250-kg cannon at a speed of 20 m/s. What is the recoil speed of the cannon? BEFORE Clown: m = 50 kg v = 0 m/s Cannon: m = 250 kg AFTER Clown: m = 50 kg v = 20 m/s Cannon: m = 250 kg v = ? m/s p = 0 p = 1000 kg·m/s p = 0 p = -1000 kg·m/s pbefore = 0 pafter = 0

C. Conservation of Momentum So…now we can solve for velocity. GIVEN: p = -1000 kg·m/s m = 250 kg v = ? WORK: v = p ÷ m v = (-1000 kg·m/s)÷(250 kg) v = - 4 m/s (4 m/s backwards) m p v