MARXIST THINKING Karl Marx ( )

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Presentation transcript:

MARXIST THINKING Karl Marx (1818-1883) Capital: a Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production, Vol. 1 (1867)

MODES OF PRODUCTION 1. Slavery = Slaves are property & laborers, Slave Owners control the means of production 2. Feudalism = Laborers (cultivators or herdspeople) have access to the means of production. Feudal Lords extract tribute by political and military means 3. Capitalism = Laborers (Proletariat) sell their labor power for a wage. Property Owners (Bourgeoisie) control the means of production

MARXIST TERMINOLOGY Means of Production = System of labor and property relations (i.e. a farm, factory, etc.) Labor = Activities that transform raw nature into something to use/exchange Property = Social connection between people and things Use Value = Immediate value of a product Exchange Value = Value of product for sale or trade, including the profit

MARXIST TERMINOLOGY (cont.) Classes = Social groups defined by their relationship to the means of production 1. Bourgeoisie = owners of means of production (factories, mines, large farms, etc.) 2. Proletariat = (working class) people who sell their labor to survive Exploitation = Owner’s profit exceeds laborers’ wages

MARXIST TERMINOLOGY (cont.) Social Relations of Production = Relationships between humans engaged in the system of labor and property relations Specialized Labor = Laborers perform specialized tasks that depend upon other specialized labor (i.e. Assembly Line labor) Alienated Labor = Laborer is separated from: the means of production, the product of the work, other laborers

MARXIST TERMINOLOGY (cont.) Commodity = Product of labor Commodity Fetishism = Product of labor takes on a meaning/value that exceeds the exchange value; commodity has a spirit/life of its own that gives it power

MARXIST TERMINOLOGY (cont.) Class Consciousness = Members of a social class recognize their collective interests and personally identify with their economic group Revolution = working class unite to overthrow the bourgeoisie Organizing = Workers develop organizations to protect their interests and increase their share of industrial profits (i.e. trade unions, socialist parties)