Paragraph development II

Practice: comparing and contrast A comparison between A and B A comparison of In comparison with comparison Compared with/to As compared to compared Similarities between Similarities analogies

How to look for more collocations

differences different disctinction Differences in different from Different to/than different Distinction between disctinction

Practice: cause-effect relations Write a paragraph on the causes of urbanization (i.e. the process by which more and more people leave the countryside to live in cities), having the following topic sentence: In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. You may want to use some of these ideas: increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century creation of many factory jobs located in cities promise of a better material life, schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers (promise of a better education) places of leisure entertainment, and culture established, (sports stadiums, theaters, and museums).

In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theathers, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.

Task Rewrite the underlined sentences so as to include the words provided below (one version for each word) In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. 1)There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century 2) resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, 3) attracted many people from rural areas. 1) stem / origin / determine/account/chain reaction 2) give rise/ determine 3) contribute / account / reason

Key I 1) stem / origin / determine/account/chain reaction This stems from a number of reasons the origin of urbanization was the increasing industrialization This occurrence was largely determined by Urbanization is mainly accounted for by the increasing…/was the consequence of a chain reaction, set off by/originates in   2) give rise/ determine determined the creation/gave rise to 3) contribute / account / reason contributed to attracting…/ account for many people’s decision to move…./was the reason for

Second, 4) as an effect of the first wave of industrialization, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education 5) persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. 6) Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theathers, and museums. 4) consequence/result 5) reason/contribute 6) stimulate  

Key II 4) consequence/result as a consequence /as a result 5) reason/contribute was the reason for many families’ choice to/ contributed to persuading 6) stimulate the growth of cities stimulated the establishment of